Table 1

Summary of studies included in review

Study numberAuthorsYear of publicationLocationAnalytic methodStudy designNo. of institutionsStudy year(s)No. of surgeonsSurgical subspecialty or disease siteElement(s) assessed
1Burcher et al. (12)2013Australia New ZealandQuantitativeSurvey4201240Breast plus othersPerceptions and attitudes
2Beitsch and Whitworth (13)2014United StatesMixed methodsSurveyDatabase2013907BreastPerceptions, attitudes, and barriers
3Carroll et al. (14)2008CanadaMixed methodsSurveyDatabase2002–2003202Breast, ovarian, and colorectalKnowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and barriers
4Douma et al. (15)2016NetherlandsMixed methodsInterview120154ColorectalPerceptions, attitudes, barriers, and intervention
5Spellman et al. (16)2013United StatesQualitativeSurvey3+2010–201110BreastPerceptions, attitudes, and barriers
6Harper et al. (17)2010New ZealandQuantitativeSurvey1NA77General surgeryKnowledge, perceptions, and attitudes
7Kurian et al. (18)2017United StatesQuantitativeSurvey22014–2015377BreastPerceptions and attitudes
8Frey et al. (19)2014United StatesQuantitativeSurvey12011–201262General surgeryKnowledge, perceptions, and attitudes
9Hallowell et al. (20)2019United KingdomQualitativeInterview12017–20187BreastPerceptions, attitudes, and barriers
10Wevers et al. (21)2017NetherlandsMixed methodsSurvey122008–201016BreastPerceptions and attitudes
11Nippert et al. (22)2014France Germany Netherlands United KingdomMixed methodsSurveyUnknown2009–20101223BreastPerceptions and attitudes
12Agnese et al. (23)2006United StatesQuantitativeSurveyUnknownUnknown364Surgical oncologyPerceptions and attitudes
13Graves et al. (24)2011United StatesQualitativeInterviewUnknown20085BreastPerceptions and attitudes
14Katz et al. (25)2018United StatesQuantitativeSurvey12013–2015377BreastPerceptions, attitudes, and barriers
15Wideroff et al. (26)2005United StatesQuantitativeSurvey11999–2000431General surgery plus othersKnowledge, perceptions, and attitudes
16Monahan et al. (27)2014United KingdomQuantitativeSurvey32012144ColorectalPerceptions, attitudes, and barriers
17Van Riel et al. (28)2010NetherlandsMixed methodsSurvey28NA38NAKnowledge, perceptions, and attitudes

  • NA = not available.