Type and incidence of all Clavien–Dindo grade ≤ 3 complications stratified by surgical type
| Type of complication | No. (%)of patients treated with 2p-VATS n = 31 | No. (%)of patients treated with 3p-VATS n = 26 | No. (%)of patients treated with Sx-VATS n = 6 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | 0.92 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pulmonary | ||||
| Atelectasis | 2 (6.5) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Prolonged air leak | 22 (71.0) | 18 (69.2) | 5 (83.3) | |
| Pneumothorax | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | 5 (16.1) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pneumonia | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Genitourinary | ||||
| Urinary retention | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Urinary tract infection | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
2p-, 3p-, Sx-VATS = 2-port, 3-port, or subxiphoid video-assisted thoracic surgery.