Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Fig. 1
Total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 3 hours post–blunt chest trauma after isolated pulmonary contusion injury with chest impact energy levels of 0.5 J, 0.75 J, and 1.0 J. Values are means ± standard deviations for n = 8 rats.
- Fig. 2
The percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (PMN numbers ÷ total numbers of leukocytes at 3 hours post–blunt chest trauma after isolated pulmonary contusion with chest impact energies of 0.5 J, 0.75 J, and 1.0 J. Values are means ± standard deviations for n = 8 rats.
- Fig. 3
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) reading at 3 hours post–blunt chest trauma (BCT) for the 4 rat groups. Sham, BCT, BCT + saline, and BCT + indomethacin groups were subjected to a blunt energy impact of 0.75 J. All physiological variables were recorded for 180 minutes following BCT. Values are means ± standard deviations for n = 8 rats.
- Fig. 4
Arterial blood gas measurements: pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 for the 4 rat groups. Sham, BCT (blunt chest trauma), BCT + saline, and BCT + indomethacin groups were subjected to a blunt energy impact of 0.75 J. (A) pH at 15 and 180 minutes post-BCT. (B) PaCO2 at 15 and 180 minutes post-BCT. (C) PaO2 at 15 and 180 minutes post-BCT. Values are means ± standard deviations for n = 8 rats.
- Fig. 5
Interstitial lung permeability: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) alveolar protein concentration and FD-70 at 3 hours post–blunt chest trauma (BCT) for the 4 rat groups. Sham, BCT, BCT + saline, and BCT + indomethacin groups were subjected to a blunt energy impact of 0.75 J. Both (A) alveolar protein concentration and (B) FD-70 levels in BALF were significantly reduced with administration of indomethacin. Values are means ± standard deviations for n = 8 rats.
- Fig. 6
(A) Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) pulmonary white blood cell count and (B) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) percentage at 3 hours post–blunt chest trauma (BCT) for the 4 rat groups. Sham, BCT, BCT + saline, and BCT + indomethacin groups were subjected to a blunt energy impact of 0.75 J. There were significant increases in the PMN percentage, but not in the total white blood cell count. The BCT-induced increase in PMNs was reduced significantly by indomethacin administration compared with the sham and BCT groups. Values are means ± standard deviations for n = 8 rats.
- Fig. 7
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (A) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and (B) interleukin (IL)-6 at 3 hours post–blunt chest trauma (BCT). Sham, BCT, BCT + saline, and BCT + indomethacin groups were subjected to a blunt energy impact of 0.75 J. The TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Values are means ± standard deviations.
- Fig. 8
Pulmonary histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin stain (magnification ×100). We found infiltration of inflammatory cells, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, high levels of intra-alveolar exudates and interstitial edema in the blunt groups. The indomethacin-treated group showed a comparatively milder inflammatory cellular infiltrate and intra-alveolar hemorrhage. (A) Normal rat lung histology. (B) Histopathology of a rat with blunt chest trauma (BCT). (C) Histopathology of a rat with BCT + saline. (D) Histopathology of a rat with BCT + indomethacin.
Tables
- Table 1
Impact energy assessment for optimal pulmonary injuries — macro examination of right lung injuries
Impact energy Right lung injuries, no. Left lung injuries, no. Right lung injuries grading ± SEM Deaths, no. Sham 0 0 1.00 ± 0.00 0 0.5 J 5 0 2.13 ± 0.35 0 0.75 J 8 0 3.50 ± 0.42 0 1.0 J 10 1 3.88 ± 0.40 2 SEM = standard error of the mean.
In this issue
Article tools
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.