Abstracts
Open Access
Decolonizing Global SurgeryOvercoming barriers to pediatric trauma education in low-and middle-income countriesTaskforce on minor dermatological surgeries: an experience in a small Brazilian cityVasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia management after subarachnoid hemorrhage in an underdeveloped country: Hustle or nightmare?Regional disparities in access and death rate of exploratory laparotomy in BrazilThe access of the riverside population in the Amazon region to emergency health care: a narrative reviewPeas: from Mendel’s table to the surgical fieldThe utility of low-cost negative pressure wound therapy in CameroonSacred sharing circles: urban Indigenous Manitobans’ experiences with bariatric surgeryUrological complications following gynecological procedures in Cameroon: a cross-sectional studyAccess to routine otolaryngology–head and neck surgery care in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional studyReducing surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Zewditu Memorial HospitalAddressing priorities for surgical research in Africa: implementation of a multicentre cloud-based perioperative registry in EthiopiaProspective study of surgery for traumatic brain injury in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: surgical procedures, complications and postoperative outcomesNeurosurgery training in a low-income country: an evaluation of neurosurgical residents’ and graduates’ perspectives following completion of an international partnershipThe specialist anesthesiology workforce in East, Central and Southern Africa: a cross sectional studyScaling surgical resources: a preliminary analysis of orthopedic surgical care and C-arm baseline capacity analysis following the 2021 Haitian earthquakeDelivering essential surgical care for lower-limb musculoskeletal disorders in the low-resource settingRisk factors associated with mortality following geriatric trauma in urban India: a multicentre cohort studyMulti-methods modelling and construction of a novel access to surgical care index for rural IndiaUnderstanding equity in surgical care uptake and provision in underprivileged communities in India under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)Prioritization of surgical care in national policies of India: a quantitative document analysisThe provision of labour pain management and its related barriers among maternal health care providers in a tertiary hospital in KenyaSafety, cost and regulation of re-used orthopedic devicesOutcomes of nonoperatively treated pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures at the Nkhotakota District Hospital, MalawiPredicting hospital of presentation for fracture management in MalawiFactors associated with surgical treatment of hip fractures in Malawian central hospitalsAnal disorders in pregnant and postpartum women: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in 10 maternity hospitals in Bamako, MaliThe challenges faced by female surgeons in Africa: a narrative review of the existing literatureFactors affecting the utilization of antenatal services among women of reproductive age in a rural area in West AfricaImpact of intravenous access on sepsis and death among surgical neonates in Kigali, RwandaBreast cancer surgical services in South AfricaUnreamed intramedullary nailing versus external fixation for the treatment of open tibial shaft fractures in Uganda: a randomized clinical trialSurgical simulation training for medical students: strategies and implications in BotswanaDisparities in trauma outcomes for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysisDevelopment of universal academic competencies for the global surgeon: a modified Delphi consensus studyPAPSEP — Pan-African Paediatric Surgery E-Learning ProgrammeCatastrophic expenditure and treatment attrition in patients seeking colorectal cancer treatment in India: a prospective multicentre studyAccess to pediatric cardiac care in TanzaniaAn evaluation of obstetrical data collection at health institutions in Mbarara region, Uganda, and Benue State, NigeriaAssociation of socioeconomic vulnerability among pregnant women with death rate by postpartum hemorrhage in Minas Gerais, BrazilThe efficiency of digital midwifery training: a randomized controlled trial in Benue State, NigeriaCreating concise reference videos for a low-resource Essential Surgical Skills Training Program: a MSF-UBC Global Surgery Laboratory CollaborationSurgical outcomes for women in Africa: an international risk-adjusted analysis of prospective observational cohortsUpdate on the evaluation of a surgical task-sharing program in South SudanEstimating the indirect economic impact of fracture-related infection and/or nonunion: a secondary analysis of the Pilot Local Gentamicin for Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania (pGO-Tibia)
Bethune Round Table, 2022 Conference on Global Surgery (virtual), June 16–18, 2022
Fabio Botelho, Eliane Reis, Karen Ribeiro, Matheus Daniel Faleiro, Natália Zaneti Sampaio, Luiz Marcião, Henry T. Ndasi, Marta Whyte, Laure Djadje, Vanessa Nono Youmbi, Surafeal Tafesse, Fitsum Kifle Belachew, Abenezer Tirsit, Mersha Abebe, Juventine Asingei, Helena Franco, Deeptiman James, Varun Bansal, Siddhesh Zadey, Himanshu Iyer, Ritika Shetty, Gabriel Ouma, Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah, Elijah Mlinde, Myles Dworkin, Samuel Paek, Togo Adégné, Damilola Alexander Jesuyajolu, Damilola A. Jesuyajolu, Thomas M. Diehl, Laurie Milligan, Daniel K. Kyengera, Alemayehu Bedada, Jeongyoon Moon, Natalie Pawlak, Ines Peric, CROCODILE study group, Lior Sasson, Rajan Bola, Amanda Torquato, Anja Džunic, Catherine Binda, Amy Paterson, Mina Salehi, Michael J. Flores, Karen Gripp, Natalie Yanchar, Abbie Naus, Dan Poenaru, Robert Baird, Leonildo Farias, Ana Gabriely Silva, Francisco Viana, José Armando Pessoa Neto, Sidney Silva, Luana Gatto, Miguel Godeiro Fernandez, Lucas Sousa Salgado, Matheus Daniel Faleiro, Anna Luiza Mendes, Rodrigo Vaz Ferreira, Gabriel Canto, José Borges, Victor Araújo, Gabrielly Andrade, Joyce Braga, Lívia Bentes, Luís Pinto, Lahin M. Amlani, Ghislain Aminake, Xavier Penda, Serge Tima, Aron Lechtig, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Melinda Fowler-Woods, Amanda Fowler-Woods, Geraldine Shingoose, Andrew Hatala, Felicia Daeninck, Ashley Vergis, Kathleen Clouston, Krista Hardy, Olga Mbougo Djoutsop, Adrien Tangmi Djabo, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Patricia Kakobo, Olga Mbougo Djoutsop, Adrien Tangmi Djabo, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Bisrat Tamene, Zelalem Chimdesa, Eden Alemayehu, Birhanu Abera, Dawit Yifru, Negussie Deyassa, Bente E. Moen, Terje Sundstrøm, Morten Lund-Johansen, Rabia Khan, Amha Mekasha, Sophie Soklaridis, Faizal Haji, Eric P. O’Flynn, Diarmuid T. O’Donovan, Sophia C. Masuka, Doreen Mashava, Faith V. Akello, Mpoki M. Ulisubisya, Abdoulie Njai, Samuel Simister, Micelle Joseph, Pierre Woolley, Faye M. Evans, Ekta Rai, Nobhojit Roy, Jyoti Kamble, Anna Aroke, Siddarth David, Deepa Veetil, Kapil Dev Soni, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Siddhesh Zadey, Siddhesh Zadey, Anushka Jindal, Himanshu Iyer, Carrie Hinchman, Isaiah Michael Rayel, Myles Dworkin, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Lahin M. Amlani, Collin J. May, Leonard N. Banza, Linda Chokotho, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Foster Mbomuwa, Paul Chidothi, Claude Martin, William James Harrison, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Linda Chokotho, Lahin Amlani, Foster Mbomuwa, Paul Chidothi, Claude Martin, William James Harrison, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Linda Chokotho, Poudiougo Abdoulmouinou, Traoré Amadou, Traoré Youssouf, Konaté Madiassa, Dicko Moussa Younoussa, Samaké Moussa, Bah Amadou, Touré Hawa, Abramowitz Laurent, Charles Arinze Okeke, Otomi Obuh, Peace E. Ehizibue, Nnamdi E. Ikemefula, Jamike O. Ekennia-Ebeh, Abdulqudus A. Ibraham, Obinna E. Ikegwuonu, Gisèle Juru Bunogerane, Dan Neal, Alain Jules Ndibanje, Robin T. Petroze, Edmond Ntaganda, Lydia Cairncross, Francois Malherbe, Liana Roodt, Nathan N. O’Hara, David Stockton, Marvin Hsiao, Unami Chilisa, Brianne Yarranton, Nkhabe Chinyepi, Georges Azzie, Zachary Rehany, Mehrshad Bakhshi, Amy Bergeron, Nathalie Boulanger, Larry Watt, Evan G. Wong, Christine Bierema, Emmanuel Ameh, Abebe Bekele, Maria F. Jimenez, Kokila Lakhoo, Nobhojit Roy, Hernan Sacato, Girma Tefera, Doruk Ozgediz, Sudha Jayaraman, George Youngson, Emmanuel Ameh, Eric Borgstein, Eric O’Flynn, Joana Simoes, Pamela A. Kingsley, Hagi Dekel, Alona Raucher Sternfeld, Sagi Assa, Racheli Sion Sarid, Naizihijwa Joel Mnong’one, Godwin Godfrey Sharau, Stella Mihayo Mongella, William Goldstein Caryl, Bernard Goldman, Joseph Ngonzi, Fanan Ujoh, Raymond Bernard Kihumuro, Ronald Lett, Clara Tavares, Gabriele Lech, Fanan Ujoh, Victoria Gusa, Rosemary Apeaii, Rafat Noor, Rajan Bola, Isaac Ohene Guyan, Jan Christilaw, Stephen Hodgins, Ronald Lett, Kayoung Heo, Samuel Cheng, Hannah Foggin, Nina Maerkl, Grace Hu, Sheila Lam, Lydia Feng, Alisha Labinaz, Jayd Adams, Rachel Livergant, Sacha Williams, Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran, Youcef Lounes, Juan Mata, Philip Hache, Christian Schamberg-Bahadori, Adaw Monytuil, Emmanuel Mayom, Shahrzad Joharifard, Émilie Joos, Salome Maswime, Anneli Hardy, Rupert M. Pearse, Bruce M. Biccard, in collaboration with the African Surgical Outcomes (ASOS) group and International Surgical Outcomes (ISOS) group, Irena Zivkovic, Sukhdeep Jatana, Shahrzad Joharifard, Émilie Joos, Kelsey E. Brown, Heather J. Roberts, Claire A. Donnelley, Ericka P. von Kaeppler, Edmund Eliezer, Billy Haonga, Saam Morshed and David W. Shearer
CAN J SURG August 12, 2022 65 (4 Suppl 1) S1-S18; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.007622
Fabio Botelho
From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
Eliane Reis
From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
Karen Ribeiro
From the School of Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil (Ribeiro); the Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil (Gatto)
Matheus Daniel Faleiro
From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado)
Natália Zaneti Sampaio
From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
Luiz Marcião
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
Henry T. Ndasi
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
Marta Whyte
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Laure Djadje
From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Vanessa Nono Youmbi
From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Surafeal Tafesse
From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
Fitsum Kifle Belachew
From the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Abenezer Tirsit
From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
Mersha Abebe
From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
Juventine Asingei
From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O’Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O’Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
Helena Franco
From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
Deeptiman James
From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
Varun Bansal
From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
Siddhesh Zadey
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Zadey); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey, Nickenig Vissoci); and the Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA (Nickenig Vissoci)
Himanshu Iyer
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Iyer, Zadey); and the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey)
Ritika Shetty
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
Gabriel Ouma
From the Department of Reproductive Health, Moi University School of Medicine, Moi, Kenya
Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah
From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
Elijah Mlinde
From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Myles Dworkin
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
Samuel Paek
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Togo Adégné
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Damilola Alexander Jesuyajolu
From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh)
Damilola A. Jesuyajolu
From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Thomas M. Diehl
From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
Laurie Milligan
From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Daniel K. Kyengera
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O’Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton)
Alemayehu Bedada
From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
Jeongyoon Moon
From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
Natalie Pawlak
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Ines Peric
From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O’Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (CROCODILE study group, Simoes); and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India (Kingsley)
Lior Sasson
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Rajan Bola
From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
Amanda Torquato
From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech)
Anja Džunic
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Catherine Binda
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Amy Paterson
From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
Mina Salehi
From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
Michael J. Flores
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
Karen Gripp
From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
Natalie Yanchar
From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
Abbie Naus
From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
Dan Poenaru
From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
Robert Baird
From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
Leonildo Farias
From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
Ana Gabriely Silva
From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
Francisco Viana
From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
José Armando Pessoa Neto
From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
Sidney Silva
From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
Luana Gatto
From the School of Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil (Ribeiro); the Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil (Gatto)
Miguel Godeiro Fernandez
From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado)
Lucas Sousa Salgado
From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado)
Matheus Daniel Faleiro
From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
Anna Luiza Mendes
From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
Rodrigo Vaz Ferreira
From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
Gabriel Canto
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
José Borges
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
Victor Araújo
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
Gabrielly Andrade
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
Joyce Braga
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
Lívia Bentes
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
Luís Pinto
From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
Lahin M. Amlani
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
Ghislain Aminake
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
Xavier Penda
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
Serge Tima
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
Aron Lechtig
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
Melinda Fowler-Woods
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Amanda Fowler-Woods
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Geraldine Shingoose
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Andrew Hatala
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Felicia Daeninck
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Ashley Vergis
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Kathleen Clouston
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Krista Hardy
From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
Olga Mbougo Djoutsop
From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Adrien Tangmi Djabo
From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Patricia Kakobo
From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Olga Mbougo Djoutsop
From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Adrien Tangmi Djabo
From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
Bisrat Tamene
From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
Zelalem Chimdesa
From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
Eden Alemayehu
From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
Birhanu Abera
From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
Dawit Yifru
From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
Negussie Deyassa
From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
Bente E. Moen
From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
Terje Sundstrøm
From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
Morten Lund-Johansen
From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
Rabia Khan
From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
Amha Mekasha
From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
Sophie Soklaridis
From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
Faizal Haji
From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
Eric P. O’Flynn
From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O’Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O’Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
Diarmuid T. O’Donovan
From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O’Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O’Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
Sophia C. Masuka
From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O’Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O’Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
Doreen Mashava
From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O’Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O’Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
Faith V. Akello
From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O’Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O’Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
Mpoki M. Ulisubisya
From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O’Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O’Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
Abdoulie Njai
From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
Samuel Simister
From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
Micelle Joseph
From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
Pierre Woolley
From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
Faye M. Evans
From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
Ekta Rai
From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
Nobhojit Roy
From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
Jyoti Kamble
From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
Anna Aroke
From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
Siddarth David
From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
Deepa Veetil
From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
Kapil Dev Soni
From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
Martin Gerdin Wärnberg
From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Zadey); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey, Nickenig Vissoci); and the Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA (Nickenig Vissoci)
Siddhesh Zadey
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Iyer, Zadey); and the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey)
Siddhesh Zadey
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
Anushka Jindal
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
Himanshu Iyer
From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
Carrie Hinchman
From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
Isaiah Michael Rayel
From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
Myles Dworkin
From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding
From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
Lahin M. Amlani
From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Collin J. May
From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Leonard N. Banza
From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Linda Chokotho
From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding
From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Foster Mbomuwa
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
Paul Chidothi
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
Claude Martin Jr
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
William James Harrison
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
Linda Chokotho
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
Lahin Amlani
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Foster Mbomuwa
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Paul Chidothi
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Claude Martin Jr
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
William James Harrison
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Linda Chokotho
From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
Poudiougo Abdoulmouinou
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Traoré Amadou
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Traoré Youssouf
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Konaté Madiassa
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Dicko Moussa Younoussa
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Samaké Moussa
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Bah Amadou
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Touré Hawa
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Abramowitz Laurent
From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.
Charles Arinze Okeke
From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh)
Otomi Obuh
From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh)
Peace E. Ehizibue
From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Nnamdi E. Ikemefula
From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Jamike O. Ekennia-Ebeh
From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Abdulqudus A. Ibraham
From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Obinna E. Ikegwuonu
From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Gisèle Juru Bunogerane
From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
Dan Neal
From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
Alain Jules Ndibanje
From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
Robin T. Petroze
From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
Edmond Ntaganda
From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
Lydia Cairncross
From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Francois Malherbe
From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Liana Roodt
From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Nathan N. O’Hara
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O’Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton)
David Stockton
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O’Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton)
Marvin Hsiao
From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
Unami Chilisa
From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
Brianne Yarranton
From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
Nkhabe Chinyepi
From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
Georges Azzie
From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
Zachary Rehany
From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
Mehrshad Bakhshi
From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
Amy Bergeron
From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
Nathalie Boulanger
From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
Larry Watt
From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
Evan G. Wong
From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
Christine Bierema
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Emmanuel Ameh
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Abebe Bekele
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Maria F. Jimenez
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Kokila Lakhoo
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Nobhojit Roy
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Hernan Sacato
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Girma Tefera
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Doruk Ozgediz
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
Sudha Jayaraman
From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez; Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
George Youngson
From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O’Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
Emmanuel Ameh
From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O’Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
Eric Borgstein
From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O’Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
Eric O’Flynn
From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O’Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
Joana Simoes
From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (CROCODILE study group, Simoes); and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India (Kingsley)
Pamela A. Kingsley
From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (CROCODILE study group, Simoes); and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India (Kingsley)
Hagi Dekel
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Alona Raucher Sternfeld
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Sagi Assa
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Racheli Sion Sarid
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Naizihijwa Joel Mnong’one
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Godwin Godfrey Sharau
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Stella Mihayo Mongella
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
William Goldstein Caryl
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Bernard Goldman
From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital and Save a Child’s Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong’one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child’s Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
Joseph Ngonzi
From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
Fanan Ujoh
From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
Raymond Bernard Kihumuro
From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
Ronald Lett
From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
Clara Tavares
From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech)
Gabriele Lech
From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech)
Fanan Ujoh
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Victoria Gusa
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Rosemary Apeaii
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Rafat Noor
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Rajan Bola
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Isaac Ohene Guyan
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Jan Christilaw
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Stephen Hodgins
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Ronald Lett
From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
Kayoung Heo
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Samuel Cheng
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Hannah Foggin
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Nina Maerkl
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Grace Hu
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Sheila Lam
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Lydia Feng
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Alisha Labinaz
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Jayd Adams
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Rachel Livergant
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Sacha Williams
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Youcef Lounes
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Juan Mata
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Philip Hache
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Christian Schamberg-Bahadori
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Adaw Monytuil
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Emmanuel Mayom
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Shahrzad Joharifard
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Émilie Joos
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbian, Vancouver, Canada (Maerkl); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Med¬ical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-¬Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).
Salome Maswime
From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
Anneli Hardy
From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
Rupert M. Pearse
From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
Bruce M. Biccard
From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
Irena Zivkovic
From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
Sukhdeep Jatana
From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
Shahrzad Joharifard
From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
Émilie Joos
From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
Kelsey E. Brown
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
Heather J. Roberts
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
Claire A. Donnelley
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
Ericka P. von Kaeppler
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
Edmund Eliezer
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
Billy Haonga
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
Saam Morshed
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
David W. Shearer
From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
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Decolonizing Global SurgeryOvercoming barriers to pediatric trauma education in low-and middle-income countriesTaskforce on minor dermatological surgeries: an experience in a small Brazilian cityVasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia management after subarachnoid hemorrhage in an underdeveloped country: Hustle or nightmare?Regional disparities in access and death rate of exploratory laparotomy in BrazilThe access of the riverside population in the Amazon region to emergency health care: a narrative reviewPeas: from Mendel’s table to the surgical fieldThe utility of low-cost negative pressure wound therapy in CameroonSacred sharing circles: urban Indigenous Manitobans’ experiences with bariatric surgeryUrological complications following gynecological procedures in Cameroon: a cross-sectional studyAccess to routine otolaryngology–head and neck surgery care in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional studyReducing surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Zewditu Memorial HospitalAddressing priorities for surgical research in Africa: implementation of a multicentre cloud-based perioperative registry in EthiopiaProspective study of surgery for traumatic brain injury in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: surgical procedures, complications and postoperative outcomesNeurosurgery training in a low-income country: an evaluation of neurosurgical residents’ and graduates’ perspectives following completion of an international partnershipThe specialist anesthesiology workforce in East, Central and Southern Africa: a cross sectional studyScaling surgical resources: a preliminary analysis of orthopedic surgical care and C-arm baseline capacity analysis following the 2021 Haitian earthquakeDelivering essential surgical care for lower-limb musculoskeletal disorders in the low-resource settingRisk factors associated with mortality following geriatric trauma in urban India: a multicentre cohort studyMulti-methods modelling and construction of a novel access to surgical care index for rural IndiaUnderstanding equity in surgical care uptake and provision in underprivileged communities in India under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)Prioritization of surgical care in national policies of India: a quantitative document analysisThe provision of labour pain management and its related barriers among maternal health care providers in a tertiary hospital in KenyaSafety, cost and regulation of re-used orthopedic devicesOutcomes of nonoperatively treated pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures at the Nkhotakota District Hospital, MalawiPredicting hospital of presentation for fracture management in MalawiFactors associated with surgical treatment of hip fractures in Malawian central hospitalsAnal disorders in pregnant and postpartum women: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in 10 maternity hospitals in Bamako, MaliThe challenges faced by female surgeons in Africa: a narrative review of the existing literatureFactors affecting the utilization of antenatal services among women of reproductive age in a rural area in West AfricaImpact of intravenous access on sepsis and death among surgical neonates in Kigali, RwandaBreast cancer surgical services in South AfricaUnreamed intramedullary nailing versus external fixation for the treatment of open tibial shaft fractures in Uganda: a randomized clinical trialSurgical simulation training for medical students: strategies and implications in BotswanaDisparities in trauma outcomes for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysisDevelopment of universal academic competencies for the global surgeon: a modified Delphi consensus studyPAPSEP — Pan-African Paediatric Surgery E-Learning ProgrammeCatastrophic expenditure and treatment attrition in patients seeking colorectal cancer treatment in India: a prospective multicentre studyAccess to pediatric cardiac care in TanzaniaAn evaluation of obstetrical data collection at health institutions in Mbarara region, Uganda, and Benue State, NigeriaAssociation of socioeconomic vulnerability among pregnant women with death rate by postpartum hemorrhage in Minas Gerais, BrazilThe efficiency of digital midwifery training: a randomized controlled trial in Benue State, NigeriaCreating concise reference videos for a low-resource Essential Surgical Skills Training Program: a MSF-UBC Global Surgery Laboratory CollaborationSurgical outcomes for women in Africa: an international risk-adjusted analysis of prospective observational cohortsUpdate on the evaluation of a surgical task-sharing program in South SudanEstimating the indirect economic impact of fracture-related infection and/or nonunion: a secondary analysis of the Pilot Local Gentamicin for Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania (pGO-Tibia)
Fabio Botelho, Eliane Reis, Karen Ribeiro, Matheus Daniel Faleiro, Natália Zaneti Sampaio, Luiz Marcião, Henry T. Ndasi, Marta Whyte, Laure Djadje, Vanessa Nono Youmbi, Surafeal Tafesse, Fitsum Kifle Belachew, Abenezer Tirsit, Mersha Abebe, Juventine Asingei, Helena Franco, Deeptiman James, Varun Bansal, Siddhesh Zadey, Himanshu Iyer, Ritika Shetty, Gabriel Ouma, Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah, Elijah Mlinde, Myles Dworkin, Samuel Paek, Togo Adégné, Damilola Alexander Jesuyajolu, Damilola A. Jesuyajolu, Thomas M. Diehl, Laurie Milligan, Daniel K. Kyengera, Alemayehu Bedada, Jeongyoon Moon, Natalie Pawlak, Ines Peric, CROCODILE study group, Lior Sasson, Rajan Bola, Amanda Torquato, Anja Džunic, Catherine Binda, Amy Paterson, Mina Salehi, Michael J. Flores, Karen Gripp, Natalie Yanchar, Abbie Naus, Dan Poenaru, Robert Baird, Leonildo Farias, Ana Gabriely Silva, Francisco Viana, José Armando Pessoa Neto, Sidney Silva, Luana Gatto, Miguel Godeiro Fernandez, Lucas Sousa Salgado, Matheus Daniel Faleiro, Anna Luiza Mendes, Rodrigo Vaz Ferreira, Gabriel Canto, José Borges, Victor Araújo, Gabrielly Andrade, Joyce Braga, Lívia Bentes, Luís Pinto, Lahin M. Amlani, Ghislain Aminake, Xavier Penda, Serge Tima, Aron Lechtig, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Melinda Fowler-Woods, Amanda Fowler-Woods, Geraldine Shingoose, Andrew Hatala, Felicia Daeninck, Ashley Vergis, Kathleen Clouston, Krista Hardy, Olga Mbougo Djoutsop, Adrien Tangmi Djabo, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Patricia Kakobo, Olga Mbougo Djoutsop, Adrien Tangmi Djabo, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Bisrat Tamene, Zelalem Chimdesa, Eden Alemayehu, Birhanu Abera, Dawit Yifru, Negussie Deyassa, Bente E. Moen, Terje Sundstrøm, Morten Lund-Johansen, Rabia Khan, Amha Mekasha, Sophie Soklaridis, Faizal Haji, Eric P. O’Flynn, Diarmuid T. O’Donovan, Sophia C. Masuka, Doreen Mashava, Faith V. Akello, Mpoki M. Ulisubisya, Abdoulie Njai, Samuel Simister, Micelle Joseph, Pierre Woolley, Faye M. Evans, Ekta Rai, Nobhojit Roy, Jyoti Kamble, Anna Aroke, Siddarth David, Deepa Veetil, Kapil Dev Soni, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Siddhesh Zadey, Siddhesh Zadey, Anushka Jindal, Himanshu Iyer, Carrie Hinchman, Isaiah Michael Rayel, Myles Dworkin, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Lahin M. Amlani, Collin J. May, Leonard N. Banza, Linda Chokotho, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Foster Mbomuwa, Paul Chidothi, Claude Martin, William James Harrison, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Linda Chokotho, Lahin Amlani, Foster Mbomuwa, Paul Chidothi, Claude Martin, William James Harrison, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Linda Chokotho, Poudiougo Abdoulmouinou, Traoré Amadou, Traoré Youssouf, Konaté Madiassa, Dicko Moussa Younoussa, Samaké Moussa, Bah Amadou, Touré Hawa, Abramowitz Laurent, Charles Arinze Okeke, Otomi Obuh, Peace E. Ehizibue, Nnamdi E. Ikemefula, Jamike O. Ekennia-Ebeh, Abdulqudus A. Ibraham, Obinna E. Ikegwuonu, Gisèle Juru Bunogerane, Dan Neal, Alain Jules Ndibanje, Robin T. Petroze, Edmond Ntaganda, Lydia Cairncross, Francois Malherbe, Liana Roodt, Nathan N. O’Hara, David Stockton, Marvin Hsiao, Unami Chilisa, Brianne Yarranton, Nkhabe Chinyepi, Georges Azzie, Zachary Rehany, Mehrshad Bakhshi, Amy Bergeron, Nathalie Boulanger, Larry Watt, Evan G. Wong, Christine Bierema, Emmanuel Ameh, Abebe Bekele, Maria F. Jimenez, Kokila Lakhoo, Nobhojit Roy, Hernan Sacato, Girma Tefera, Doruk Ozgediz, Sudha Jayaraman, George Youngson, Emmanuel Ameh, Eric Borgstein, Eric O’Flynn, Joana Simoes, Pamela A. Kingsley, Hagi Dekel, Alona Raucher Sternfeld, Sagi Assa, Racheli Sion Sarid, Naizihijwa Joel Mnong’one, Godwin Godfrey Sharau, Stella Mihayo Mongella, William Goldstein Caryl, Bernard Goldman, Joseph Ngonzi, Fanan Ujoh, Raymond Bernard Kihumuro, Ronald Lett, Clara Tavares, Gabriele Lech, Fanan Ujoh, Victoria Gusa, Rosemary Apeaii, Rafat Noor, Rajan Bola, Isaac Ohene Guyan, Jan Christilaw, Stephen Hodgins, Ronald Lett, Kayoung Heo, Samuel Cheng, Hannah Foggin, Nina Maerkl, Grace Hu, Sheila Lam, Lydia Feng, Alisha Labinaz, Jayd Adams, Rachel Livergant, Sacha Williams, Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran, Youcef Lounes, Juan Mata, Philip Hache, Christian Schamberg-Bahadori, Adaw Monytuil, Emmanuel Mayom, Shahrzad Joharifard, Émilie Joos, Salome Maswime, Anneli Hardy, Rupert M. Pearse, Bruce M. Biccard, in collaboration with the African Surgical Outcomes (ASOS) group and International Surgical Outcomes (ISOS) group, Irena Zivkovic, Sukhdeep Jatana, Shahrzad Joharifard, Émilie Joos, Kelsey E. Brown, Heather J. Roberts, Claire A. Donnelley, Ericka P. von Kaeppler, Edmund Eliezer, Billy Haonga, Saam Morshed, David W. Shearer
CAN J SURG Aug 2022, 65 (4 Suppl 1) S1-S18; DOI: 10.1503/cjs.007622
Decolonizing Global SurgeryOvercoming barriers to pediatric trauma education in low-and middle-income countriesTaskforce on minor dermatological surgeries: an experience in a small Brazilian cityVasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia management after subarachnoid hemorrhage in an underdeveloped country: Hustle or nightmare?Regional disparities in access and death rate of exploratory laparotomy in BrazilThe access of the riverside population in the Amazon region to emergency health care: a narrative reviewPeas: from Mendel’s table to the surgical fieldThe utility of low-cost negative pressure wound therapy in CameroonSacred sharing circles: urban Indigenous Manitobans’ experiences with bariatric surgeryUrological complications following gynecological procedures in Cameroon: a cross-sectional studyAccess to routine otolaryngology–head and neck surgery care in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional studyReducing surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Zewditu Memorial HospitalAddressing priorities for surgical research in Africa: implementation of a multicentre cloud-based perioperative registry in EthiopiaProspective study of surgery for traumatic brain injury in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: surgical procedures, complications and postoperative outcomesNeurosurgery training in a low-income country: an evaluation of neurosurgical residents’ and graduates’ perspectives following completion of an international partnershipThe specialist anesthesiology workforce in East, Central and Southern Africa: a cross sectional studyScaling surgical resources: a preliminary analysis of orthopedic surgical care and C-arm baseline capacity analysis following the 2021 Haitian earthquakeDelivering essential surgical care for lower-limb musculoskeletal disorders in the low-resource settingRisk factors associated with mortality following geriatric trauma in urban India: a multicentre cohort studyMulti-methods modelling and construction of a novel access to surgical care index for rural IndiaUnderstanding equity in surgical care uptake and provision in underprivileged communities in India under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)Prioritization of surgical care in national policies of India: a quantitative document analysisThe provision of labour pain management and its related barriers among maternal health care providers in a tertiary hospital in KenyaSafety, cost and regulation of re-used orthopedic devicesOutcomes of nonoperatively treated pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures at the Nkhotakota District Hospital, MalawiPredicting hospital of presentation for fracture management in MalawiFactors associated with surgical treatment of hip fractures in Malawian central hospitalsAnal disorders in pregnant and postpartum women: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in 10 maternity hospitals in Bamako, MaliThe challenges faced by female surgeons in Africa: a narrative review of the existing literatureFactors affecting the utilization of antenatal services among women of reproductive age in a rural area in West AfricaImpact of intravenous access on sepsis and death among surgical neonates in Kigali, RwandaBreast cancer surgical services in South AfricaUnreamed intramedullary nailing versus external fixation for the treatment of open tibial shaft fractures in Uganda: a randomized clinical trialSurgical simulation training for medical students: strategies and implications in BotswanaDisparities in trauma outcomes for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysisDevelopment of universal academic competencies for the global surgeon: a modified Delphi consensus studyPAPSEP — Pan-African Paediatric Surgery E-Learning ProgrammeCatastrophic expenditure and treatment attrition in patients seeking colorectal cancer treatment in India: a prospective multicentre studyAccess to pediatric cardiac care in TanzaniaAn evaluation of obstetrical data collection at health institutions in Mbarara region, Uganda, and Benue State, NigeriaAssociation of socioeconomic vulnerability among pregnant women with death rate by postpartum hemorrhage in Minas Gerais, BrazilThe efficiency of digital midwifery training: a randomized controlled trial in Benue State, NigeriaCreating concise reference videos for a low-resource Essential Surgical Skills Training Program: a MSF-UBC Global Surgery Laboratory CollaborationSurgical outcomes for women in Africa: an international risk-adjusted analysis of prospective observational cohortsUpdate on the evaluation of a surgical task-sharing program in South SudanEstimating the indirect economic impact of fracture-related infection and/or nonunion: a secondary analysis of the Pilot Local Gentamicin for Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania (pGO-Tibia)
Fabio Botelho, Eliane Reis, Karen Ribeiro, Matheus Daniel Faleiro, Natália Zaneti Sampaio, Luiz Marcião, Henry T. Ndasi, Marta Whyte, Laure Djadje, Vanessa Nono Youmbi, Surafeal Tafesse, Fitsum Kifle Belachew, Abenezer Tirsit, Mersha Abebe, Juventine Asingei, Helena Franco, Deeptiman James, Varun Bansal, Siddhesh Zadey, Himanshu Iyer, Ritika Shetty, Gabriel Ouma, Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah, Elijah Mlinde, Myles Dworkin, Samuel Paek, Togo Adégné, Damilola Alexander Jesuyajolu, Damilola A. Jesuyajolu, Thomas M. Diehl, Laurie Milligan, Daniel K. Kyengera, Alemayehu Bedada, Jeongyoon Moon, Natalie Pawlak, Ines Peric, CROCODILE study group, Lior Sasson, Rajan Bola, Amanda Torquato, Anja Džunic, Catherine Binda, Amy Paterson, Mina Salehi, Michael J. Flores, Karen Gripp, Natalie Yanchar, Abbie Naus, Dan Poenaru, Robert Baird, Leonildo Farias, Ana Gabriely Silva, Francisco Viana, José Armando Pessoa Neto, Sidney Silva, Luana Gatto, Miguel Godeiro Fernandez, Lucas Sousa Salgado, Matheus Daniel Faleiro, Anna Luiza Mendes, Rodrigo Vaz Ferreira, Gabriel Canto, José Borges, Victor Araújo, Gabrielly Andrade, Joyce Braga, Lívia Bentes, Luís Pinto, Lahin M. Amlani, Ghislain Aminake, Xavier Penda, Serge Tima, Aron Lechtig, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Melinda Fowler-Woods, Amanda Fowler-Woods, Geraldine Shingoose, Andrew Hatala, Felicia Daeninck, Ashley Vergis, Kathleen Clouston, Krista Hardy, Olga Mbougo Djoutsop, Adrien Tangmi Djabo, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Patricia Kakobo, Olga Mbougo Djoutsop, Adrien Tangmi Djabo, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Bisrat Tamene, Zelalem Chimdesa, Eden Alemayehu, Birhanu Abera, Dawit Yifru, Negussie Deyassa, Bente E. Moen, Terje Sundstrøm, Morten Lund-Johansen, Rabia Khan, Amha Mekasha, Sophie Soklaridis, Faizal Haji, Eric P. O’Flynn, Diarmuid T. O’Donovan, Sophia C. Masuka, Doreen Mashava, Faith V. Akello, Mpoki M. Ulisubisya, Abdoulie Njai, Samuel Simister, Micelle Joseph, Pierre Woolley, Faye M. Evans, Ekta Rai, Nobhojit Roy, Jyoti Kamble, Anna Aroke, Siddarth David, Deepa Veetil, Kapil Dev Soni, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Siddhesh Zadey, Siddhesh Zadey, Anushka Jindal, Himanshu Iyer, Carrie Hinchman, Isaiah Michael Rayel, Myles Dworkin, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Lahin M. Amlani, Collin J. May, Leonard N. Banza, Linda Chokotho, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Foster Mbomuwa, Paul Chidothi, Claude Martin, William James Harrison, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Linda Chokotho, Lahin Amlani, Foster Mbomuwa, Paul Chidothi, Claude Martin, William James Harrison, Kiran J. Agarwal-Harding, Linda Chokotho, Poudiougo Abdoulmouinou, Traoré Amadou, Traoré Youssouf, Konaté Madiassa, Dicko Moussa Younoussa, Samaké Moussa, Bah Amadou, Touré Hawa, Abramowitz Laurent, Charles Arinze Okeke, Otomi Obuh, Peace E. Ehizibue, Nnamdi E. Ikemefula, Jamike O. Ekennia-Ebeh, Abdulqudus A. Ibraham, Obinna E. Ikegwuonu, Gisèle Juru Bunogerane, Dan Neal, Alain Jules Ndibanje, Robin T. Petroze, Edmond Ntaganda, Lydia Cairncross, Francois Malherbe, Liana Roodt, Nathan N. O’Hara, David Stockton, Marvin Hsiao, Unami Chilisa, Brianne Yarranton, Nkhabe Chinyepi, Georges Azzie, Zachary Rehany, Mehrshad Bakhshi, Amy Bergeron, Nathalie Boulanger, Larry Watt, Evan G. Wong, Christine Bierema, Emmanuel Ameh, Abebe Bekele, Maria F. Jimenez, Kokila Lakhoo, Nobhojit Roy, Hernan Sacato, Girma Tefera, Doruk Ozgediz, Sudha Jayaraman, George Youngson, Emmanuel Ameh, Eric Borgstein, Eric O’Flynn, Joana Simoes, Pamela A. Kingsley, Hagi Dekel, Alona Raucher Sternfeld, Sagi Assa, Racheli Sion Sarid, Naizihijwa Joel Mnong’one, Godwin Godfrey Sharau, Stella Mihayo Mongella, William Goldstein Caryl, Bernard Goldman, Joseph Ngonzi, Fanan Ujoh, Raymond Bernard Kihumuro, Ronald Lett, Clara Tavares, Gabriele Lech, Fanan Ujoh, Victoria Gusa, Rosemary Apeaii, Rafat Noor, Rajan Bola, Isaac Ohene Guyan, Jan Christilaw, Stephen Hodgins, Ronald Lett, Kayoung Heo, Samuel Cheng, Hannah Foggin, Nina Maerkl, Grace Hu, Sheila Lam, Lydia Feng, Alisha Labinaz, Jayd Adams, Rachel Livergant, Sacha Williams, Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran, Youcef Lounes, Juan Mata, Philip Hache, Christian Schamberg-Bahadori, Adaw Monytuil, Emmanuel Mayom, Shahrzad Joharifard, Émilie Joos, Salome Maswime, Anneli Hardy, Rupert M. Pearse, Bruce M. Biccard, in collaboration with the African Surgical Outcomes (ASOS) group and International Surgical Outcomes (ISOS) group, Irena Zivkovic, Sukhdeep Jatana, Shahrzad Joharifard, Émilie Joos, Kelsey E. Brown, Heather J. Roberts, Claire A. Donnelley, Ericka P. von Kaeppler, Edmund Eliezer, Billy Haonga, Saam Morshed, David W. Shearer
CAN J SURG Aug 2022, 65 (4 Suppl 1) S1-S18; DOI: 10.1503/cjs.007622
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