Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related acute appendicitis

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Fig. 1
Distribution (days) of acute appendicitis after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Table 1

Comparison between the PCVAA group and the N-PCVAA group, during the pandemic

Characteristic	PCVAA group n = 38	N-PCVAA group n = 383	p value^*
Age, yr, mean ± SD	41 ± 19	33 ± 15	0.008
Sex, %			0.06
Male	71	55
Female	29	45
WBC × 10⁹/L, mean ± SD	12 ± 4.1	12.8 ± 4.3	0.13
CRP, nmol/L, mean ± SD	5.43 ± 7.62	4.48 ± 5.90	0.50
Creatinine, μmol/L, mean ± SD	76.91 ± 22.98	67.18 ± 17.68	0.01
Length of hospital stay, d, mean ± SD	2.24 ± 2.24	2.22 ± 1.66	0.30
Operated, %	79	76	0.70
Repeat ED within 30 d, %	2.6	6	0.70
Repeat admission within 30 d, %	2.6	3.7	> 0.9

CRP = C-reactive protein; ED = emergency department; N-PCVAA = patients with acute appendicitis not related to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; PCVAA = patients who presented with acute appendicitis within 21 days of receiving their SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; SD = standard deviation; WBC = white blood cells.
↵* Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson χ² test; Fisher exact test.

Table 2

Comparison between the PCVAA group and the N-PCVAA subgroups of patients, during the pandemic

Characteristic	PCVAA group n = 38	N-PCVAA group n = 383			p value^*
Characteristic	PCVAA group n = 38	SARS-CoV-2 vaccine > 21 days before acute appendicitis n = 136	SARS-CoV-2 infection any time before acute appendicitis n = 14	Acute appendicitis unrelated to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccine n = 233	p value^*
Age, yr, mean ± SD	41 ± 19	38 ± 17	31 ± 13	30 ± 13	< 0.001
Sex, %					0.09
Male	71	61	57	52
Female	29	39	43	48
WBC × 10⁹/L, mean ± SD	12.0 ± 4.1	12.8 ± 4.4	11.2 ± 3.1	12.8 ± 4.3	0.20
CRP, nmol/L, mean ± SD	5.43 ± 7.62	4.76 ± 6.48	3.81 ± 5.05	4.29 ± 5.62	> 0.9
Creatinine, μmol/L, mean ± SD	76.91 ± 22.98	69.84 ± 15.91	64.53 ± 15.91	65.42 ± 19.45	0.002
Length of stay, d, mean ± SD	2.24 ± 2.24	2.04 ± 1.53	2.10 ± 0.88	2.45 ± 1.85	0.05
Operated, %	79	75	71	77	0.90
Repeat ED within 30 d, %	2.6	8.1	7.1	4.7 %	0.50
Repeat admission within 30 d, %	2.6	6.6	0	1.7	0.09

CRP = C-reactive protein; ED = emergency department; N-PCVAA = patients with acute appendicitis not related to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; PCVAA = patients who presented with acute appendicitis within 21 days of receiving their SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; SD = standard deviation; WBC = white blood cells.
↵* Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test; Pearson χ² test; Fisher exact test.

Table 3

Comparison between patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic with acute appendicitis pre-COVID-19 era

Characteristic	Acute appendicitis during pandemic n = 421	pre-COVID-19 era n = 464	p value^*
Age, yr, mean ± SD	33 ± 16	33 ± 15	0.5
Sex, %			0.4
Male	57	54
Female	43	46 %
WBC × 10⁹/L, mean ± SD	12.7 ± 4.3	12.5 ± 4.4	0.6
CRP, nmol/L, mean ± SD	4.57 ± 6.10	4.29 ± 6.00	0.5
Creatinine, μmol/L, mean ± SD	68.07 ± 18.56	67.18 ± 18.56	0.3
Length of hospital stay, d, mean ± SD	2.22 ± 1.74 (254)	2.48 ± 2.83	0.7
Operated, %	76	82	0.03
Repeat ED within 30 d, %	5.7	5.8	> 0.9
Repeat admission within 30 d, %	3.3	5.4	0.14