RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Necessity is the mother of invention: William Stewart Halsted’s addiction and its influence on the development of residency training in North America
JF Canadian Journal of Surgery
JO CAN J SURG
FD Canadian Medical Association
SP E13
OP E18
DO 10.1503/cjs.003319
VO 63
IS 1
A1 James R. Wright, Jr.
A1 Norman S. Schachar
YR 2020
UL http://canjsurg.ca/content/63/1/E13.abstract
AB William Stewart Halsted developed a novel residency training program at Johns Hopkins Hospital that, with some modifications, became the model for surgical and medical residency training in North America. While performing anesthesia research early in his career, Halsted became addicted to cocaine and morphine. This paper dissects how his innovative multi-tier residency program helped him hide his addiction while simultaneously providing outstanding patient care and academic training.