PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Healey, David
AU  - Letts, Merv
AU  - Jarvis, James G.
TI  - Cervical spine instability in children with Goldenhar’s syndrome
DP  - 2002 Oct 01
TA  - Canadian Journal of Surgery
PG  - 341--344
VI  - 45
IP  - 5
4099  - http://canjsurg.ca/content/45/5/341.short
4100  - http://canjsurg.ca/content/45/5/341.full
SO  - CAN J SURG2002 Oct 01; 45
AB  - Objective: To study the vertebral involvement of the cervical spine, in particular the stability of C1–C2, in children with proven Goldenhar’s syndrome.Design: A case review.Setting: The Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa.Patients: Eight children who had a minimum of 2 out of 3 Goldenhar criteria plus other strong associations with the syndrome and for whom detailed radiographic spinal assessment, including flexion–extension views of the cervical spine and computed tomography of the congenital anomalies, were available.Outcome measures: Radiographic findings.Results: Seven children demonstrated cervical spine anomalies. Of particular concern was the high incidence of C1–C2 instability in 3 children, 2 of whom required occiput to C2 fusion. The presence of hemivertebrae and failures of segmentation were most common and resulted in thoracic scoliosis, leading to spinal fusion in 2 children.Conclusions: In patients with Goldenhar’s syndrome the cervical spines must be monitored carefully for C1–C2 subluxation before any proposed surgery for other malformations associated with the syndrome, so that any instability can be identified to avoid cord impingement during a general anesthetic.