PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Asli Korkmaz
AU  - Dürdane Kolankaya
TI  - Inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase with rutin reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
AID  - 10.1503/cjs.004811
DP  - 2013 Feb 01
TA  - Canadian Journal of Surgery
PG  - 6--14
VI  - 56
IP  - 1
4099  - http://canjsurg.ca/content/56/1/6.short
4100  - http://canjsurg.ca/content/56/1/6.full
SO  - CAN J SURG2013 Feb 01; 56
AB  - Background: Nitric oxide (NO) seems to play an important role during renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We investigated whether rutin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reduces 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation in the kidneys of rats during I/R.Methods: Wistar albino rats were nephrectomized unilaterally and, 2 weeks later, subjected to 45 minutes of left renal pedicle occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. We intraperitoneally administered L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL; 3 mg/kg) for 30 minutes or rutin (1 g/kg) for 60 minutes before I/R. After reperfusion, kidney samples were taken for immunohistochemical analysis of iNOS and 3-NT. We measured plasma nitrite/nitrate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to evaluate NO levels.Results: Ischemia/reperfusion caused plasma cGMP to increase significantly. Similarly, plasma nitrite/nitrate was elevated in the I/R group compared with the control group. Histochemical staining was positive for iNOS and 3-NT in the I/R group. Pretreatment with L-NIL or rutin significantly mitigated the elevation of plasma cGMP and nitrite/nitrate. These changes in biochemical parameters were also associated with changes in immunohistochemical appearance. Pretreatment with L-NIL or rutin significantly decreased the incidence and severity of iNOS and 3-NT formation in the kidney tissues.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high activity of iNOS causes renal I/R injury, and that rutin exerts protective effects, probably by inhibiting iNOS.