Key methodological findings of the study by Raad and colleagues (13)
| Variable | Group; mean ± SD or no. (%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robotic CABG n = 142 (%) | Conventional CABG n = 142 (%) | ||
| Age, yr | 64.2 ± 2.6 | 63.9 ± 10.3 | NS |
| Male sex | 96 (68) | 104 (73) | NS |
| LOS, surgery to discharge, d | 5.0 ± 3.8 | 6.7 ± 3.8 | 0.0001 |
| Total intubation time, h | 7.3 ± 20 | 10.5 ± 10 | 0.0001 |
| Intraoperative transfusion units | 9 (6) | 32 (23) | 0.0001 |
| Extubated in the OR | 64 (45) | 1 (0.7) | 0.0001 |
| Primary end point | |||
| Start of procedure to POD 3, MED | 182 ± 21 | 253 ± 16 | 0.0001 |
| Secondary end point | |||
| Total in-hospital MED | 317 ± 30 | 480 ± 28 | 0.0001 |
| Intraoperative MED | 127 ± 12 | 205 ± 13 | 0.0001 |
| After the procedure to POD 3, MED | 55 ± 17 | 49 ± 9 | 0.02 |
| After the procedure to discharge, MED | 190 ± 22 | 274 ± 18 | 0.0001 |
| Postoperative complications | |||
| Stroke | 0 (0) | 4 (2.8) | NS |
| Wound infection | 0 (0) | 3 (2.1) | NS |
| Renal failure requiring HD | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | NS |
| Intubation > 24 h | 5 (3.5) | 9 (6.3) | NS |
| Reoperation for bleeding | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.1) | NS |
| Readmission within 30 d | 23 (16) | 22 (15) | NS |
| Readmission for pain | 1 (0.7) | 4 (2.7) | NS |
CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; HD = hemodialysis; LOS = length of stay; MED = morphine equivalent dosing; NS = nonsignificant; OR = operating room; POD = postoperative day; SD = standard deviation.