Validity criteria for the evaluation of narcotic use as a surrogate end point for postoperative pain
| Study | Surrogate end point | Target outcome | Is there strong documented/published evidence that connects the surrogate end point to the patient-important outcome under consideration? | Is there strong evidence that a change in the surrogate end point has led to a change in the target outcome? | Is there strong evidence that similar interventions show similar improvements in both the surrogate end point and the patient-important surgical outcome? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raad et al. (13) | Narcotic use | Postoperative pain | No | No | No |