Medical students’ time taken to complete tasks in 11 trials using laparoscopic training apparatus
| Trial no. | Mean (and SD) time to complete task by group and sex, s | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Sex | |||
| Cognitive imaging | Control | Male | Female | |
| 1 — Direct visual of suturing task | 363 ( 82) | 404 (186) | 380 (150) | 388 (144) |
| 2 — Direct visual of suturing task | 263 ( 61) | 244 ( 60) | 245 ( 47) | 261 ( 72) |
| 3 — Suturing with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 537 (116) | 567 (191) | 541 (159) | 565 (161) |
| 4 — Suturing with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 407* (101) | 501* (149) | 437 (116) | 476 (153) |
| 5 — Suturing with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 307 ( 99) | 366 (114) | 316 (111) | 360 (107) |
| 1-week interval | ||||
| 6 — Suturing with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 382 ( 82) | 394 (140) | 359 ( 72) | 418 (141) |
| 7 — Suturing with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 290 ( 69) | 269 ( 94) | 254* ( 83) | 304* ( 76) |
| 8 — Suturing with monitor (cam @ 45°) | 465 (181) | 472 (233) | 379† (122) | 558† (238) |
| 9 — Suturing with monitor (cam @ 45°) | 308 ( 94) | 373 (197) | 323 (106) | 361 (198) |
| 10 — Bead task with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 529 (204) | 496 (189) | 473 (197) | 550 (189) |
| 11 — Bead task with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 335 (137) | 408 (227) | 307* (145) | 440* (210) |