Medical students’ responses to the instructional techniques and strategies
| Instructional technique/strategy | Mean (and SD) response by group and sex* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Sex | |||
| Cognitive imaging | Control | Male | Female | |
| One-on-one instruction | 4.76 (0.44) | 4.91 (0.29) | 4.76 (0.44) | 4.91 (0.29) |
| Schematic diagrams | 3.90 (0.77) | 3.86 (1.04) | 4.05 (0.80) | 3.73 (0.98) |
| Previewing of suture and graspers | 4.52 (0.60) | 4.64 (0.58) | 4.76† (0.54) | 4.41† (0.59) |
| Video demonstration | 4.62 (0.59) | 4.55 (0.74) | 4.71 (0.46) | 4.45 (0.80) |
| Suturing practice with direct visualization | 4.67 (0.66) | 4.86 (0.47) | 4.90 (0.30) | 4.64 (0.73) |
| Suturing practice with monitor (cam @ 0°) | 4.95 (0.22) | 4.86 (0.35) | 5.00† (0.00) | 4.82† (0.39) |
| Suturing practice with monitor (cam @ 45°) | 4.75 (0.72) | 4.59 (0.85) | 4.81 (0.68) | 4.52 (0.87) |
| Bead manipulation task | 4.40 (0.60) | 4.41 (0.59) | 4.43† (0.60) | 4.38† (0.59) |