Test scores before and after a 3-day FLS course in Botswana, Africa
| Performance | Test; mean score (and SD) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-test | Post-test | ||
| Peg transfer | 34 (29) | 65 (25) | < 0.001 |
| Pattern cutting | 14 (17) | 49 (20) | < 0.001 |
| Endoloop | 26 (22) | 49 (32) | < 0.001 |
| Extraorporeal | 30 (33) | 68 (26) | < 0.005 |
| Intracorporeal | 27 (29) | 55 (28) | < 0.005 |
FLS = Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery; SD = standard deviation.