Table 1

Users’ Guide for Economic Analysis of Surgical Practice

Are the results valid?
  • Did the analysis provide a full economic comparison of health care strategies?

  • Were relevant viewpoints considered?

  • Were all relevant clinical strategies compared?

Were the costs and outcomes properly measured and valued?
  • Was clinical effectiveness established?

  • Were costs measured accurately?

  • Were data on costs and outcomes appropriately integrated?

  • Was appropriate allowance made for uncertainties in the analysis?

  • Are estimates of costs and outcomes related to the baseline risk in the treatment population?

What are the results?
  • What were the incremental costs and outcomes of each strategy?

  • Do incremental costs and outcomes differ among subgroups?

  • How much does allowance for uncertainty change the results?

Will the results help in me caring for my patients?
  • Are the benefits worth the harms and the costs?

  • Could my patients expect similar health outcomes?

  • Could I expect similar costs?