Demographics of 8 Children With Goldenhar’s Syndrome and Spinal Defects
| Patient no. | Age, yr | Sex | Investigations | Spinal defects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | F | Flexion–extension views of C1–C2 CT of C1–C2 AP and lateral views of C-spine | Hypoplastic odontoid; T2–T5 hemivertebrae; C1–C2 instability; occipitalization of C1 |
| 2 | 14 | F | AP and lateral views of spine Flexion–extension views of C1–C2 | Thoracolumbar scoliosis |
| 3 | 4 | F | AP and lateral views of spine Flexion–extension views of C1–C2 MRI and CT | Failure of segmentation of cervical and thoracic vertebrae; cervical ribs |
| 4 | 18 | M | AP and lateral views of spine Flexion–extension views of C1–C2 CT of spine at C1–C2 | Hypoplastic odontoid; C2–C5 fusion; T8 wedge vertebra; C1–C2 instability |
| 5* | 12 | M | AP and lateral views of spine Flexion–extension views of C1–C2 | Cervical hemivertebrae; thoracolumbar scoliosis |
| 6 | 16 | M | AP and lateral views of spine Flexion–extension views of C1–C2 MRI and CT | Thoracolumbar scoliosis |
| 7 | 15 | F | Spine views | Hypoplastic odontoid; C3–4 bony bar; multiple spinal hemivertebrae |
| 8 | 5 | F | AP and lateral views of spine Flexion–extension views of C1–C2 MRI and CT | Cervical ribs; failure of segmentation T4–T5; C1–C2 instability |
↵* Died
CT = computed tomography, AP = anteroposterior, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.