Adjusted and attributable costs (2012 $CDN) associated with hospital mortality, complication severity and loss of independence among patients aged 70 years and older who underwent nonelective abdominal surgery
| Adverse events | No. (%) | Adjusted costs, median (IQR)* | Attributable costs, median (IQR)† | p value‡ | Total attributable costs for all patients (%)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital death | |||||
| No | 198 (93) | 9924 (9179–10 730) | — | 0.021 | 135 043 (4) |
| Yes | 14 (7) | 14 866 (10 713–20 629) | 7535 (5156–14 003) | ||
| Complication severity§ | |||||
| None | 102 (48) | 7745 (6893–8702) | — | < 0.001 | 1 016 668 (30) |
| Grade I | 34 (16) | 8858 (7283–10 772) | 2364 (1959–3521) | ||
| Grade II | 35 (17) | 12 838 (10 625–15 512) | 5800 (3911–7390) | ||
| Grade III | 12 (6) | 13 851 (10 079–19 034) | 8692 (6268–12 294) | ||
| Grade IV | 29 (14) | 21 230 (17 115–26 334) | 19 092 (14 302–23 641) | ||
| Loss of independence | |||||
| No | 164 (77) | 9353 (8572–10 205) | — | < 0.001 | 343 155 (10) |
| Yes | 48 (23) | 13 691 (11 534–16 251) | 6090 (3809–9284) | ||
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; IQR = interquartile range; OS = operative severity.
↵* Adjusted for age, ASA classification, frailty Index based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment and OS.
↵† Estimated based on predicted values using multiple linear regression (log costs = age + ASA classification + frailty index based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment + OS + Clavien–Dindo classification + change in residential status + in-hospital mortality).
↵‡ Multiple linear regression adjusting for age, ASA classification, frailty index based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment, OS, Clavien–Dindo classification, loss of independence, and in-hospital mortality.
↵§ The most severe complication experienced by each patient was used in this analysis.