Three most common hospital complications among patients aged 70 years and older who underwent nonelective abdominal surgery
| Clavien–Dindo classification; description | Complication* | No. (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Grade I | ||
| Any deviation from the normal postoperative course, without specific intervention | Delirium | 12 (35) |
| Wound infection | 6 (18) | |
| Ileus | 4 (12) | |
| Grade II | ||
| Requiring specific pharmacological intervention | Urinary tract infection | 10 (29) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (24) | |
| Pneumonia | 6 (18) | |
| Grade III | ||
| Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention | Dehiscence | 2 (17) |
| Postoperative bleeding | 2 (17) | |
| Urinary tract infection | 2 (17) | |
| Grade IV | ||
| Life-threatening complication involving organ dysfunction | Respiratory failure | 16 (64) |
| Acute renal failure | 2 (8) | |
| Pneumonia | 2 (8) | |
| Grade V | ||
| Complication resulting in death | Intra-abdominal sepsis | 4 (33) |
| Pneumonia | 2 (17) | |
| Ischemic bowel | 2 (17) | |
↵* Includes only the most severe complication experienced by each patient.