Clavien–Dindo classification; description | Complication* | No. (%) |
---|---|---|
Grade I | ||
Any deviation from the normal postoperative course, without specific intervention | Delirium | 12 (35) |
Wound infection | 6 (18) | |
Ileus | 4 (12) | |
Grade II | ||
Requiring specific pharmacological intervention | Urinary tract infection | 10 (29) |
Atrial fibrillation | 8 (24) | |
Pneumonia | 6 (18) | |
Grade III | ||
Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention | Dehiscence | 2 (17) |
Postoperative bleeding | 2 (17) | |
Urinary tract infection | 2 (17) | |
Grade IV | ||
Life-threatening complication involving organ dysfunction | Respiratory failure | 16 (64) |
Acute renal failure | 2 (8) | |
Pneumonia | 2 (8) | |
Grade V | ||
Complication resulting in death | Intra-abdominal sepsis | 4 (33) |
Pneumonia | 2 (17) | |
Ischemic bowel | 2 (17) |
↵* Includes only the most severe complication experienced by each patient.