Comparison of robotic versus laparoscopic colon and rectal resection
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) or mean ± SD | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robotic (n = 472) | Laparoscopic (n = 8392) | ||
| Age, yr* | 60.1 ± 15.5 | 60.3 ± 15.0 | 0.87 |
| Male sex | 214 (45.34) | 3965 (47.25) | 0.42 |
| BMI* | 28.22 ± 6.78 | 28.52 ± 6.77 | 0.35 |
| Indication for surgery | |||
| Diverticular disease | 135 (28.60) | 2022 (24.09) | < 0.001 |
| Crohn disease | 14 (2.97) | 513 (6.11) | |
| Ulcerative colitis | 5 (1.06) | 241 (2.87) | |
| Colon cancer | 205 (43.43) | 3186 (37.96) | |
| Nonmalignant polyp | 62 (13.14) | 1138 (13.56) | |
| Other | 51 (10.81) | 1292 (15.4) | |
| Site of surgery | |||
| Colon | 393 (83.26) | 7022 (83.67) | 0.86 |
| Rectal | 79 (16.74) | 1370 (16.32) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| ASA class ≥ 3 | 218 (47.70) | 3666 (45.18) | 0.31 |
| Bleeding disorder | 15 (3.18) | 15 (3.18) | 0.36 |
| Renal failure | 0 | 7 (0.08) | > 0.99 |
| COPD | 17 (3.60) | 358 (4.27) | 0.56 |
| CHF | 0 | 34 (0.41) | 0.26 |
| Hypertension | 207 (43.86) | 3981 (46.37) | 0.41 |
| Diabetes | 70 (14.8) | 1149 (13.7) | 0.30 |
| Smoker | 69 (14.62) | 1440 (17.16) | 0.17 |
| Steroid use | 42 (8.90) | 784 (9.34) | 0.81 |
| Functional status | |||
| Independent | 463 (98.09) | 8225 (98.01) | 0.53 |
| Partially dependent | 7 (1.48) | 122 (1.45) | |
| Totally dependent | 2 (0.42) | 20 (0.24) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 25 (0.30) | |
| Intraoperative outcomes | |||
| Operative duration, min* | 190.3 ± 95.5 | 187.0 ± 96.5 | 0.48 |
| Conversion to open | 45 (9.53) | 1151 (13.72) | 0.008 |
| Intraoperative transfusion | 38 (8.05) | 622 (7.41) | 0.59 |
| Postoperative complications | |||
| Ileus | 44 (9.36) | 875 (10.45) | 0.49 |
| Anastomotic leak | 18 (3.83) | 255 (3.05) | 0.34 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 1 (0.21) | 52 (0.62) | 0.53 |
| Myocardial infarction | 3 (0.64) | 34 (0.41) | 0.45 |
| Pneumonia | 9 (1.91) | 83 (0.99) | 0.06 |
| Superficial site infection | 23 (4.87) | 486 (5.79) | 0.48 |
| Urinary tract infection | 13 (2.75) | 202 (2.41) | 0.64 |
| LOS, d* | 6.5 ± 5.5 | 6.2 ± 5.8 | 0.25 |
| Unplanned readmission | 49 (10.38) | 867 (10.33) | 0.94 |
| Unplanned reoperation | 23 (4.87) | 386 (4.60) | 0.74 |
| 30-d mortality | 3 (0.64) | 54 (0.64) | > 0.99 |
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI = body mass index; CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LOS = length of stay; SD = standard deviation.
↵* Student t test.