Comparison of robotic versus laparoscopic rectal resection
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) or mean ± SD | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robotic (n = 79) | Laparoscopic (n = 1370) | ||
| Age, yr* | 58.5 ± 15.8 | 59.1 ± 13.7 | 0.84 |
| Male sex | 33 (44.30) | 613 (44.74) | > 0.99 |
| BMI* | 29.02 ± 7.27 | 28.73 ± 7.07 | 0.717 |
| Indication for surgery | |||
| Diverticular disease | 24 (30.38) | 341 (24.89) | 0.10 |
| Crohn disease | 2 (2.53) | 78 (5.69) | |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0 | 39 (2.85) | |
| Colon cancer | 37 (46.84) | 536 (39.12) | |
| Nonmalignant polyp | 11 (13.92) | 179 (13.07) | |
| Other | 5 (6.33) | 197 (14.38) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| ASA class ≥ 3 | 34 (44.74) | 631 (46.98) | 0.73 |
| Bleeding disorder | 2 (2.53) | 33 (2.41) | 0.72 |
| Renal failure | 0 | 2 (0.15) | > 0.99 |
| COPD | 1 (1.27) | 52 (3.80) | 0.36 |
| CHF | 0 | 1 (0.07) | > 0.99 |
| Hypertension | 33 (41.77) | 602 (43.94) | 0.73 |
| Diabetes | 9 (11.39) | 165 (12.04) | > 0.99 |
| Smoker | 13 (16.46) | 288 (21.02) | 0.39 |
| Steroid use | 5 (6.33) | 108 (7.88) | 0.83 |
| Functional status | |||
| Independent | 79 (100) | 1350 (98.54) | > 0.99 |
| Partially dependent | 0 | 14 (1.02) | |
| Totally dependent | 0 | 2 (0.15) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 4 (0.29) | |
| Intraoperative outcomes | |||
| Operative duration, min* | 254.8 ± 89.2 | 255.2 ± 115.8 | 0.98 |
| Conversion to open | 8 (10.12) | 182 (13.29) | 0.50 |
| Intraoperative transfusion | 8 (10.13) | 157 (11.46) | 0.86 |
| Postoperative complications | |||
| Ileus | 3 (3.80) | 153 (11.18) | 0.039 |
| Anastomotic leak | 1 (1.28) | 43 (3.15) | 0.51 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0 | 12 (0.88) | > 0.99 |
| Myocardial infarction | 0 | 8 (0.58) | > 0.99 |
| Pneumonia | 3 (3.80) | 15 (1.09) | 0.07 |
| Superficial site infection | 6 (7.59) | 90 (6.57) | 0.64 |
| Urinary tract infection | 4 (5.06) | 42 (3.07) | 0.31 |
| LOS, d* | 7.5 ± 6.4 | 6.8 ± 5.6 | 0.25 |
| Unplanned readmission | 9 (11.39) | 170 (12.41) | > 0.99 |
| Unplanned reoperation | 5 (6.33) | 74 (5.40) | 0.62 |
| 30-day mortality | 0 | 4 (0.29) | > 0.99 |
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI = body mass index; CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LOS = length of stay; SD = standard deviation.
↵* Student t test.