Preoperative patient characteristics
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%), mean ± SD, or median [IQR]* | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MINI (n = 40) | STERN (n = 92) | ||
| Male sex | 28 (70) | 38 (41) | 0.002 |
| Age, yr | 68 ± 14 | 62 ± 13 | 0.017 |
| BMI | 29 ± 7 | 27 ± 5 | 0.15 |
| NYHA | 0.23 | ||
| I | 0 | 1 (1) | |
| II | 0 | 7 (8) | |
| III | 29 (73) | 55 (60) | |
| IV | 11 (28) | 29 (32) | |
| STS score | 15 ± 11 | 15 ± 11 | 0.96 |
| LV grade 3/4 | 11 (28) | 7 (8) | 0.002 |
| No. previous operations | 1 [1–1] | 1 [1–1] | 0.53 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 11 (28) | 14 (15) | 0.10 |
| CVD | 0.71 | ||
| TIA | 2 (5) | 6 (7) | |
| Stroke | 5 (13) | 16 (17) | |
| Recent MI | 1 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.54 |
| Recent CHF | 15 (38) | 43 (47) | 0.33 |
| COPD | 16 (40) | 19 (21) | 0.021 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 9 (23) | 16 (17) | 0.49 |
| Renal failure | 3 (8) | 4 (4) | 0.46 |
| PVD | 18 (45) | 7 (8) | < 0.001 |
| CAD | 28 (70) | 22 (24) | < 0.001 |
BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD = cerebrovascular disease; IQR = interquartile range; LV = left ventricular; MI = myocardial infarction; MINI = mini-thoracotomy; NYHA = New York Heart Association; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; SD = standard deviation; STERN = conventional sternotomy; STS = Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TIA = transient ischemic attack.
↵* Data are rounded to the nearest integer.