Table 1

Patient demographic and perioperative characteristics

CharacteristicGroup; mean (range)*p value†
RAPDHLAPD
Patient, no.1214
Age, yr71 (26–80)69 (49–88)0.95
Sex, male:female, %50:5078.6:21.40.31
ASA score2 (2–3)2 (2–3)0.07
Duration of surgery, min596.5 (509–799)592.5 (407–779)0.78
Estimated blood loss, mL275 (50–1000)400 (100–4000)0.26
Intraoperative blood transfusion, no. (%)1 (8.3)5 (35.7)0.05
Total 7-day analgesic use, mg IV, mean ± SD142.599 ± 68.2176.9 ± 112.70.35
LOS, d7.5 (5–57)8 (6–14)0.78
90-day mortality, %0%7.1%0.14

  • ASA = American Society of Anaesthesiologists; HLAPD = hybrid laparoscopy-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy; IV = intravenous; LOS = length of stay; RAPD = robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy; SD = standard deviation.

  • ↵* Unless indicated otherwise.

  • ↵† Mann–Whitney U test.