Oncologic metrics of the patient cohort
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) or mean ± SD | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open surgery (n = 8) | Laparoscopic surgery (n = 12) | Robotic surgery (n = 10) | ||
| Location | 0.001 | |||
| Rectum | 1 (12.5) | 2 (16.7) | 9 (90) | |
| Rectosigmoid | 1 (12.5) | 5 (41.7) | 1 (10) | |
| Sigmoid | 6 (75) | 5 (41.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Stage | 0.253 | |||
| I | 3 (37.5) | 5 (41.7) | 2 (20) | |
| II | 3 (37.5) | 1 (8.3) | 6 (60) | |
| III | 1 (12.5) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (20) | |
| IV | 1 (12.5) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Distance from anal verge, cm | 25.6 ± 14.3 | 18.8 ± 11.3 | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 0.002 |
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 0.037 | |||
| Yes | 4 (50) | 3 (25) | 8 (80) | |
| No | 4 (50) | 9 (75) | 2 (20) | |
| Time since operation, mo | 14.8 ± 3.7 | 16.3 ± 2.3 | 14.6 ± 2.5 | 0.323 |
| Stoma creation | 0.008 | |||
| Yes | 5 (62.5) | 3 (25) | 9 (90) | |
| No | 3 (37.5) | 9 (75) | 1 (10) | |
| Stoma reversed | 0.431 | |||
| Yes | 3 (60) | 3 (100) | 7 (78) | |
| No | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | 2 (22) | |
| Adjuvant therapy | 0.163 | |||
| Yes | 3 (37.5) | 6 (50) | 8 (80) | |
| No | 5 (62.5) | 6 (50) | 2 (20) | |
SD = standard deviation.