Body image and cosmetic scores across surgical modalities
| Score | Group, mean ± SD | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open surgery (n = 8) | Laparoscopic surgery (n = 12) | Robotic surgery (n = 10) | ||
| Body image | 12.0 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
| Cosmetic | 9.6 ± 1.9 | 16.4 ± 2.2 | 15.2 ± 4.8 | 0.001 |
SD = standard deviation.
a Higher scores signify poorer body image but greater degree of satisfaction with cosmetic outcomes.