Demographic characteristics of the patient cohort
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) or mean ± SD | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open surgery (n = 8) | Laparoscopic surgery (n = 12) | Robotic surgery (n = 10) | ||
| Sex | 0.117 | |||
| Male | 6 (75) | 6 (50) | 9 (90) | |
| Female | 2 (25) | 6 (50) | 1 (10) | |
| Age, yr | 59.8 ± 15.6 | 56.3 ± 9.1 | 59.2 ± 8.7 | 0.751 |
| Education | 0.299 | |||
| Elementary | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | |
| High school | 3 (37.5) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (20) | |
| College | 1 (12.5) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (60) | |
| Postgraduate | 3 (37.5) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (10) | |
| Employment | 0.421 | |||
| Not working | 5 (62.5) | 4 (33.3) | 4 (40) | |
| Employed | 3 (37.5) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (60) | |
| Annual income | 75600 ± 33100 | 96000 ± 36800 | 85600 ± 30800 | 0.456 |
SD = standard deviation.