Table 1

Characteristics of patients who had retroperitoneal liposarcoma extending to the inguinal canal

Characteristic	Hernia repair as initial operation			Mass excision as initial operation

	Patient 1	Patient 2	Patient 3	Patient 4	Patient 5	Patient 6
Sex	Male	Female	Male	Male	Male	Male

Age, yr	60	52	49	51	43	43

Symptom	Palpable mass	Palpable mass	N/A	Palpable mass	Dyspepsia	Palpable mass

Laterality	Right	Right	Left	Left	Right	Left

Location	Hemiabdomen	Entire abdomen	Pelvis to kidney	Pelvis	Entire abdomen	Hemiabdomen

Tumour size, cm	28	30	18	22.5	32	37

Scrotal involvement	Yes	N/A	No	No	Yes	No

Delay of excision, mo	20	12	62	1	1	1

No. of operations before excision	2	1	1	0	0	0

Excision centre	SMC	SMC	SMC	Outside	SMC	SMC

Resected organs	Mass, kidney, ileuocecum, testis	Mass, ovary, artery	Mass, kidney, colon	Mass	Mass, kidney, adrenal, testis	Mass, kidney, small bowel, colon

Histology	DDLPS	DDLPS	DDLPS 70% WDLPS 30%	WDLPS	WDLPS	DDLPS 90% WDLPS 10%

Grade	3	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	2

Margin	N/A	N/A	Positive	N/A	N/A	Positive

Organ invasion	Positive	N/A	Negative	N/A	Negative	Positive

Postoperative complication (classification)^*	Wound (I), delirium (II)	None	None	Ileus (II)	Azotemia(I)	Wound(I)

Adjuvant therapy	Only chemotherapy after fourth operation	Radiotherapy after excision	N/A	Radiotherapy after first excision	N/A	Radiotherapy after excision, chemotherapy after third recurrence

No. of recurrences after excision	2	0	3	8	0	2

Recurrence	Local	N/A	Local, distant (liver)	Local	N/A	Local

Disease-free survival, mo	2	89	1	20	11	14

Death	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No

Total follow-up, mo	39	89	12	90	11	25

Final status	Death	Disease-free	Death	Inoperable progression	Disease-free	Inoperable progression

Inoperable disease-free survival, mo	28	89	9	90	11	22

DDLPS = de-differentiated liposarcoma; N/A = not applicable; SMC = Samsung Medical Center; WDLPS = well-differentiated liposarcoma.
↵* Clavien–Dindo classification.