Resource-related outcomes
| Study and country | Mean ± SD or median (IQR) | Readmission, no. (%) of participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating time, min | Anesthesia time, min | Length of hospital stay, d | ||
| RCAB v. C-CABG | ||||
| Leyvi et al., (7) 2018 US | RCAB 162.0 ± 30.0* C-CABG(on) 306.0 ± 48.0* | RCAB 294.0 ± 30.0* C-CABG(on) 420.0 ± 36.0* | RCAB 4 (3–8) C-CABG(on) 5 (5–8) | NR |
| Su et al., (8) 2018 Taiwan | NR | NR | RCAB 9 (7–12) C-CABG 15 (11–26) | NR |
| Leyvi et al., (12) 2016 US | RCAB 210.6 ± 6.6* C-CABG(on) 279.6 ± 7.8* | RCAB 336.6 ± 6.0* C-CABG(on) 396.0 ± 9.0* | RCAB 6 (4–9) C-CABG(on) 7 (5–11) | Within 30 d RCAB 12 (9) C-CABG(on) 6 (4) |
| Raad et al., (13) 2016 US | NR | NR | RCAB 5.0 ± 3.8 C-CABG(on) 6.7 ± 3.8 | Within 30 d RCAB 23 (16) C-CABG(on) 22 (15) |
| Ezelsoy et al., (14) 2015 Turkey | RCAB 186.9 ± NR C-CABG(on) NR | NR | RCAB 6.6 ± 1.0 C-CABG(on) 7.8 ± 2.3 | NR |
| Zaouter et al., (15) 2015 France | NR | RCAB 373 ± 60 C-CABG(on) 179 ± 60 | RCAB 8 (6–10) C-CABG(on) 12 (10–14) | NR |
| Poston et al., (16) 2008 US | RCAB 348 ± 72* C-CABG(off) 246 ± 54* | NR | RCAB 3.8 ± 1.5 C-CABG(off) 6.4 ± 2.2 | Within 30 d RCAB 4 (4) C-CABG(off) 9 (9) |
| Bucerius et al., (17) 2002 Germany | NR | NR | RCAB 8.9 ± 3.2 C-CABG(on) 16.3 ± 9.0 | NR |
| RCAB v. MIDCAB | ||||
| Gong et al., (18) 2016 China | RCAB 220.8 ± 23.1 MIDCAB 185.5 ± 49.3 | NR | RCAB 7.8 ± 3.0 MIDCAB 9.2 ± 3.8 | NR |
| Bachinsky et al., (19) 2012 US | RCAB 261.0 ± 36.8† MIDCAB 386.0 ± 49.4† | NR | RCAB 8.2 ± 5.4 MIDCAB 5.1 ± 2.8 | NR |
| Bucerius et al., (17) 2002 Germany | NR | NR | RCAB 8.9 ± 3.2 MIDCAB 15.9 ± 6.5 | NR |
| RCAB v. PA-CAB | ||||
| Jegaden et al., (9) 2011 France | RCAB 204 ± 42* PA-CAB 192 ± 36* | NR | RCAB 5.5 ± 1.6 PA-CAB 7.0 ± 3.0 | NR |
| RCAB v. non-RCAB | ||||
| Whellan et al., (10) 2016 US | NR | NR | RCAB 4 (3–6) Non-RCAB 5 (4–7) | NR |
| Cavallaro et al., (11) 2015 US | NR | NR | 1 bypass RCAB (n = 275) 5.3 ± 2.8 Non-RCAB (n = 275) 6.8 ± 3.9 ≥ 2 bypasses RCAB (n = 189) 6.8 ± 7.5 Non-RCAB (n = 189) 6.8 ± 3.4 | NR |
C-CABG = conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (median sternotomy); C-CABG(off) = C-CABG (off pump); C-CABG(on) = C-CABG (on pump); IQR = interquartile range; MIDCAB = minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass; non-RCAB = nonrobotic coronary artery bypass; NR = not reported; PA-CAB = port-access coronary artery bypass; RCAB = robotic coronary artery bypass; SD = standard deviation.
↵* Converted from hours.
↵† Total time in operating room.