Patient characteristics according to health region
| Characteristic | Health region; no. (%)* | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capital, n = 676 | Calgary, n = 357 | ||
| Age, median (IQR) yr | 57 (45–67) | 60 (49–70) | 0.010 |
| Male sex | 360 (53.3) | 194 (54.3) | 0.74 |
| Type of surgery | |||
| Lobectomy | 211 (31.2) | 82 (23.0) | 0.006 |
| Partial resection | 465 (68.8) | 275 (77.0) | |
| Diagnosis type | |||
| Primary | 74 (11.0) | 42 (11.8) | |
| Secondary | 235 (34.8) | 143 (40.1) | 0.16 |
| Other | 367 (54.3) | 172 (48.2) | |
| Admission details | |||
| Urgent/emergent | 134 (19.8) | 237 (66.4) | < 0.001 |
| High-volume surgeon | 572 (85.1) | 223 (62.5) | < 0.001 |
| Training | |||
| Hepatobiliary | 520 (77.4) | 153 (42.9) | |
| Surgical oncology | 6 (0.9) | 136 (38.1) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 146 (21.7) | 68 (19.1) | |
| LOS, median (IQR) d | 8 (7–13) | 9 (8–14) | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 41 (6.1) | 20 (5.6) | 0.89 |
| Charlson score | |||
| 0 | 333 (49.3) | 147 (41.2) | |
| 1 | 228 (33.7) | 143 (40.1) | 0.10 |
| 2 | 79 (11.7) | 46 (12.9) | |
| ≥ 3 | 36 (5.3) | 21 (5.9) | |
| Complications | |||
| Cardiac | 27 (4.0) | 26 (7.3) | 0.023 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (0.6) | 6 (1.7) | 0.09 |
| Cardiac arrest | 5 (0.7) | 10 (2.8) | 0.008 |
| Aspiration | 51 (7.5) | 41 (11.5) | 0.034 |
| Hemorrhage | 150 (22.2) | 81 (22.7) | 0.86 |
| Infection | 45 (6.7) | 34 (9.5) | 0.10 |
| Stroke | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0.96 |
| Pulmonary embolus or DVT | 9 (1.3) | 9 (2.5) | 0.16 |
| Acute renal failure | 57 (8.4) | 40 (11.2) | 0.15 |
| Renal | 32 (4.7) | 13 (3.6) | 0.40 |
| Septicemia | 29 (4.3) | 10 (2.8) | 0.23 |
| Surgical misadventures† | 127 (18.8) | 30 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| Digestive | 66 (9.8) | 35 (9.8) | 0.98 |
| Biliary | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 0.69 |
| Pneumonia | 38 (5.6) | 16 (4.5) | 0.43 |
| Transfusion | 0 (0) | 3 (0.8) | 0.017 |
| Postoperative complications | 290 (42.9) | 166 (46.5) | 0.27 |
DVT = deep vein thrombosis; IQR = interquartile range; LOS = length of stay.
↵* Unless otherwise indicated.
↵† Surgical misadventures as identified using the following International Classification of Diseases, 9threvision codes: misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care (E870–E876). It excludes: accidental overdose of drug and wrong drug given in error (E850.0–E858.9); surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal reaction by the patient, without mention of misadventure at the time of procedure (E878.0–E879.9). E870 Accidental cut, puncture, perforation, or hemorrhage during medical care. E871 Foreign object left in body during procedure. E872 Failure of sterile precautions during procedure. E873 Failure in dosage; excludes: accidental overdose of drug, medicinal or biological substance (E850.0–E858.9). E874 Mechanical failure of instrument or apparatus during procedure. E875 Contaminated or infected blood, other fluid, drug, or biological substance; includes: presence of: bacterial pyrogens, endotoxin-producing bacteria, serum hepatitis- producing agent. E876 Other and unspecified misadventures during medical care.