Characteristics and quality of studies on minimally invasive splenectomy
| Approach; study | Level of evidence | Indication | Procedures | Sample size | Sample age | Type | Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiport LS | |||||||
| Delaitre and Maignien (1) | 4 | ITP | LS | 1 | Adult | Case report | Prospective |
| Brunt et al. (2) | 3b | Diverse | LS, OS | 46 | — | Retrospective cohort | Retrospective |
| Carroll et al. (3) | 4 | ITP, Hodgkin lymphoma | LS | 3 | Adult | Prospective case series | Prospective |
| Delaitre et al. (4) | 4 | ITP | LS | 1 | Adult | Case report | Prospective |
| Kercher et al. (5) | 3b | Splenomegaly diverse hematologic | LS | 49 | All | Prospective cohort, case–control | Prospective |
| Park et al. (6) | 3b | Diverse hematologic | LS, OS | 210 | All | Prospective case–control | Prospective |
| Winslow and Brunt (12) | 2a | Diverse | OS, LS | 2940 | All | Systematic review | Retrospective |
| Kojouri et al. (13) | 2a | ITP | OS, LS | 2623 | All | Systematic review | Retrospective |
| Mikhael et al. (14) | 2a | ITP mainly | LS | 1223 | All | Systematic review | Retrospective |
| Watson et al. (16) | 3b | ITP | LS, OS | 60 | Adult | Case–control | LS prospective, OS, retrospective |
| Basso et al. (18) | 3b | Splenic trauma | LS | 10 | Adult | Prospective cohort | Prospective |
| Targarona et al. (19) | 3b | Splenomegaly | LS, OS | 186 | Adult | Case series | Retrospective |
| Weiss et al. (21) | 4 | Diverse hematologic, pregnancy, obesity, malignancy, splenomegaly | LS | 77 obesity | Adult | Prospective cohort, case–control | Prospective |
| Altaf et al. (22) | 3b | ITP, accessory spleen | LS | 7 | Adult | Prospective cohort | Prospective |
| Quah et al. (23) | 3b | Diverse hematologic | LS | 58 | Adult | Prospective cohort | Prospective |
| Kinjo et al. (24) | 3b | Diverse hematologic cirrhosis | OS, LS | 70 | Adult | Retrospective cohort | Retrospective |
| HALS | |||||||
| Hellman et al. (20) | 3b | Splenomegaly | HALS | 7 | Adult | Prospective cohort, case–control | Prospective |
| Swanson et al. (25) | 3b | Diverse | HALS, OS | 217 | Adult | Prospective cohort | Prospective |
| Barbaros et al. (26) | 2b | Splenomegaly, diverse hematologic | HALS, OS | 27 | Adult | RCT | Prospective |
| Robotic splenectomy | |||||||
| Giulianotti et al. (8) | 2b | Diverse hematologic | Robot-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy | 24 | Adult | Prospective cohort | Prospective |
| Maeso et al. (27) | 2c | Diverse splenic and nonsplenic | Robot-assisted laparoscopy, laparoscopic | 2177 | All | Systematic review | Retrospective |
| NOTES splenectomy | |||||||
| Targarona et al. (9) | 5 | Polycystic tumour of the spleen | NOTES | 1 | Adult | Case report | Prospective |
| SPA splenectomy | |||||||
| Targarona et al. (28) | 4 | Diverse hematologic | SPA splenectomy | 17 | Adult | Systematic review | Retrospective |
| Complications/infections | |||||||
| Waghorn (29) | 4 | Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection | — | 77 | All | Case series | Retrospective |
HALS = hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy; ITP = immune thrombocytopenic purpura; LS = laparoscopic splenectomy; NOTES = natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery; OS = open splenectomy; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SPA = single-port access.