Factors Leading to Conversion to Open Surgery
| Factor | No. of cases |
|---|---|
| Oncologic concerns | 30 |
| Tumour fixation | 21 |
| Tumour bulk | 9 |
| Intraoperative complications | 17 |
| Bleeding | 7 |
| Bowel injury | 3 |
| Instrument failure | 3 |
| Missed pathologic condition | 2 |
| Twisted anastomosis | 1 |
| Ureteral injury | 1 |
| Adhesions | 13 |
| Inflammation | 10 |
| Surgeon inexperience | 5 |
| Ventilatory failure | 2 |
| Exposure | 4 |
| Obesity | 3 |
| Colonic distension | 1 |
| Total | 81 |