Study | Study design | Functional measurement | Treatment groups | No. femurs | Nailing technique | Mean age, yr | % male | BMI | ISS | % follow-up | Mean follow-up (range), mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daglar et al. (20) | Level II quasirandomized | Lysholm knee score | Antegrade (piriformis) | 41 | Radiolucent table | 34 | 69 | 15.2 | 43 | 44 (25–80) | |
Retrograde | 30 | Radiolucent table | 44.1 | 14.3 | 43 | ||||||
Ostrum et al. (14) | Level II quasirandomized | Antegrade (piriformis) (10 mm titanium cannulated nail, Synthes) | 46 | Fracture table, radiolucent table | 26.6 | 61 | 24.6 | 85 | 7.28 (2.5–14.83) | ||
Retrograde (titanium femoral nail, Biomet) | 54 | Radiolucent table | 29.4 | 63 | 26.4 | 87 | |||||
Tornetta and Tiburzi (19) | Level II quasirandomized | Antegrade (piriformis) | 38 | Fracture table | 31 | 12.4 (4–42) | 92 | ||||
Retrograde | 31 | Radiolucent table | 33 | 12.5 (4–42) | 97 | ||||||
Toluse et al. (21) | Level II prospective cohort | Antegrade | 20 | ||||||||
Retrograde | 41 | ||||||||||
Herscovici et al. (15) | Level II prospective cohort | Antegrade (femoral nail, Synthes) | 69 | 28.2 | 72 | 76 | 18.3 (12–59) | ||||
Retrograde (femoral nail, Synthes) | 56 | ||||||||||
Dougherty et al. (22) | Level III retrospective | Antegrade | 25 | Fracture table | 33.6 | 91 | 89 | 26 (3–112) | |||
Retrograde | 43 | Radiolucent table | 30.5 | 86 | 81 | 41 (3–148) | |||||
Kuhn et al. (23) | Level III retrospective | Antegrade | 35 | Radiolucent table | 33.0 | 80 | 26.0 | 12.87 (3–38) | |||
Retrograde | 34 | Radiucent table | 34.3 | 59 | 33.1 | 15.42 (3.5–68.25) | |||||
Ricci et al. (8) | Level III retrospective | Antegrade | 134 | 32 | 69 | 70 | 23 (5–64) | ||||
Retrograde | 147 | 34 | 73 | 71 | 23 (6–66) | ||||||
Salem et al. (16) | Level III retrospective | Merle d’Aubigne and Postel, Tegner and Lysholm score | Antegrade (piriformis) (UFN, Synthes; RFN, Synthes) | 29 | Radiolucent table | 69 | 14.4 (4.4–24) | ||||
Retrograde (DFN, Synthes: IMSC Nail, Smith & Nephew) | 33 | Radiolucent table | 64 | 13 (2.4–32.4) | |||||||
Ricci et al. (18) | Level III retrospective | Antegrade | 183 | Fracture table | 31 | 100 | |||||
Retrograde | 172 | Radiolucent table | 33 | 100 | |||||||
Murray et al. (17) | Level III retrospective | KOOS, HOOS | Antegrade | 19 | 34.5 | 15.21 ±12.40 | 14 | 56.8 | |||
Retrograde | 14 | 37.1 | 16.36 ±10.40 | 36.5 |
BMI = body mass index; DFN = distal femoral nail; HOOS = hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score; IMSC = intramedullary supracondylar; ISS = injury severity score; KOOS = knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score; RFN/UFN = reamed/unreamed femoral nail.