Table 2

Univariate predictors of WORC and ASES functional outcome measures^*

Predictors	WORC Summary			ASES Pain severity			ASES Function			ASES Composite

	Mean	(95% CI)	p value^†	Mean	(95% CI)	p value^†	Mean	(95% CI)	p value^†	Mean (95% CI)		p value^†
Sex

Male	67.5	(43.8–91.3)	0.33	3.8	(2.4–5.2)	0.14	46.7	(5.8–87.5)	0.36	78.2	(58.9–97.5)	0.22

Female	61.4	(50.1–71.9)		3.3	(2.5–4.1)		37.0	(23.8–50.2)		75.0	(64.8–85.2)

Surgeon

Experienced	68.0	(52.1–83.9)	0.41	3.9	(3.1–4.7)	0.45	37.8	(16.4–59.1)	0.59	79.9	(60.1–99.7)	0.26

Other	60.3	(45.9–74.7)		3.2	(2.1–4.3)		41.3	(23.8–58.9)		74.2	(63.2–85.2)

Previous surgery

No	65.2	(54.8–75.6)	0.80	3.9	(3.2–4.5)	0.02	45.9	(33.3–58.4)	0.05	81.9	(74.6–89.2)	0.02

Yes	55.9	(8.7–103.1)		1.5	(−1.5 to 4.5)		26.0	(15.2–36.8)		45.3	(−2.2 to 92.9)

Time to OR

< 3 wk	67.3	(56.7–77.8)	0.27	3.8	(3.1–4.5)	0.10	44.0	(30.2–57.8)	0.14	80.9	(72.1–89.8)	0.11

≥ 3 wk	51.8	(20.7–82.9)		2.5	(0.5–4.5)		30.3	(3.8–56.9)		63.0	(31.3–94.7)

Type of prosthesis

Global	64.8	(51.9–77.8)	0.75	3.2	(2.3–4.2)	0.42	34.7	(22.7–46.7)	0.17	75.3	(63.1–87.5)	1.00

Neer	60.9	(41.8–79.9)		4.1	(3.4–4.8)		47.8	(20.2–75.4)		79.2	(60.8–97.5)

Rotator cuff tear

Yes	68.1	(54.7–81.4)	0.31	4.1	(3.5–4.8)	0.04	37.7	(22.7–52.7)	0.39	78.9	(63.9–93.9)	0.36

No	57.9	(40.7–75.1)		2.7	(1.5–3.9)		43.3	(16.1–70.4)		73.4	(60.6–86.3)

Cement

No	67.8	(47.3–88.4)	0.56	4.1	(3.0–5.3)	0.25	47.5	(−22.4 to 117.4)	0.51	80.9	(57.3–104.5)	0.12

Yes	61.9	(49.3–74.5)		3.3	(2.4–4.1)		38.0	(24.7–51.3)		74.1	(64.1–84.0)

Tuberosity attachment

Sutures	63.1	(52.5–73.7)	0.63	3.6	(2.9–4.3)	0.77	41.6	(28.4–54.7)	0.73	78.8	(69.0–88.6)	0.11

Wires	68.3	(−20.2 to 156.9)		3.0	(−3.6 to 9.6)		36.0	(−10.0 to 82.0)		63.0	(9.2–116.8)

Neer classification

2-part	3.8		0.58	4.0^‡		0.59			0.13	74.0^‡		0.49

3-part	53.6	(15.9–91.2)		4.3	(2.7–5.8)		21.0^‡			90.5	(58.7–122.3)

4-part	64.7	(50.9–78.6)		3.3	(2.3–4.4)		46.5	(31.1–61.9)		76.4	(63.5–89.4)

Postoperative complication

No	65.5	(54.3–76.6)	0.63	3.8	(3.1–4.5)	0.12	44.9	(31.3–58.4)	0.18	81.4	(73.8–88.9)	0.12

Yes	56.4	(23.6–89.1)		2.5	(0.5–4.5)		28.3	(10.9–45.8)		56.8	(11.5–101.9)

ASES = American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Evaluation form; CI = confidence interval; OR = operating room; WORC = Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index.
↵* Higher WORC and ASES scores correspond to less pain and better function.
↵† Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.
↵‡ No CIs computed if n ≤ 2.