Table 4

Unadjusted associations between care, patient characteristics and patient survival time from initial surgery (n = 1341)

CharacteristicHR* (95% CI)
Surgical experience
Discipline of Initial surgeon
 Gynecologic oncologist1.00 (ref)
 Obstetrician/gynecologist0.73 (0.64–0.83)
 General surgeon1.26 (1.03–1.54)
 Other0.90 (0.51–1.59)
Surgeon procedure volume
 ≥ 101.00 (ref)
 3–90.73 (0.62–0.86)
 1–20.92 (0.79–1.06)
Hospital procedure volume
 ≥ 1001.00 (ref)
 16–991.05 (0.84–1.31)
 1–150.91 (0.72–1.15)
Hospital type
 Centre with gynecologic oncologist1.00 (ref)
 Other regional cancer or teaching centre0.74 (0.55–1.00)
 Remaining centres0.87 (0.75–0.99)
Quality indicator
 Adequate1.00 (ref)
 Inadequate1.16 (0.89–1.52)
 Undefined1.87 (1.48–2.37)
Surgery type
 Elective1.00 (ref)
 Emergency v. elective0.85 (0.59–1.24)
 Urgent v. elective1.40 (1.12–1.75)
Days from admission to surgery (continuous variable)1.06 (1.04–1.08)
Postsurgical management
Treatment subsequent to surgery
 Surgery alone1.00 (ref)
 Surgery + CT1.41 (1.21–1.66)
 Surgery + RT0.37 (0.21–0.69)
 Surgery + CT + RT0.46 (0.29–0.76)
Patient
Patient age, yr
 ≥ 701.00 (ref)
 60–690.75 (0.63–0.90)
 18–590.54 (0.46–0.65)
Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 2 v. 0–11.95 (1.42–2.58)
Cancer history, yes v. no1.00 (0.78–1.29)
Rural residence, yes v. no0.93 (0.78–1.11)
Income quintile
 First quintile1.00 (ref)
 Second quintile0.99 (0.80–1.23)
 Third quintile0.89 (0.69–1.13)
 Fourth quintile0.95 (0.77–1.17)
 Fifth quintile0.93 (0.75–1.16)
Disease
Stage at initial surgery
 11.00 (ref)
 22.48 (1.85–3.33)
 37.62 (6.06–9.58)
 412.72 (9.21–17.62)
Tumour grade
 Poor/undifferentiated1.00 (ref)
 Well differentiated0.25 (0.19–0.32)
 Moderately differentiated0.68 (0.57–0.79)
 Not stated0.76 (0.63–0.92)
  • CI = confidence interval; CT = chemotherapy; HR = hazard ratio; RT = radiotherapy.

  • * HR > 1.00 means a worse survival rate compared with the reference group; HR < 1.0 means a better survival rate.

  • Results of the Cox proportional hazards model were statistically significant.