Variable | Patients; no. (%)* | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All, n = 254 | Without dysphagia, n = 124 | With dysphagia, n = 130 | ||
Age, mean (SD) yr | 64.5 (12.6) | 63.5 (13.0) | 65.4 (12.1) | 0.22 |
Male sex | 176 (69.3) | 85 (68.5) | 91 (70.0) | 0.80 |
Smoker† | 36 (14.2) | 19 (15.4) | 17 (13.1) | 0.52 |
Ex-smoker† | 116 (45.7) | 51 (41.5) | 65 (50.0) | 0.23 |
Family history of heart disease | 117 (46.1) | 54 (43.9) | 63 (49.2) | 0.43 |
Diabetes risks | ||||
Insulin-controlled diabetes mellitus | 18 (7.1) | 7 (5.6) | 11 (8.5) | 0.51 |
Oral hypoglycemics | 47 (18.5) | 21 (16.9) | 26 (20.0) | 0.52 |
Cardiovascular surgical risks | ||||
Circulatory shock | 16 (6.3) | 5 (4.0) | 11 (8.5) | 0.15 |
Non–Q-wave infarction | 35 (13.8) | 21 (16.9) | 14 (10.8) | 0.10 |
Q-wave infarction | 28 (11.0) | 14 (11.3) | 14 (10.8) | 0.89 |
Left ventricular grade‡ | ||||
1 | 72 (28.3) | 38 (30.6) | 34 (26.4) | 0.16 |
2 | 74 (29.1) | 41 (33.1) | 33 (25.6) | 0.16 |
3 | 68 (26.8) | 32 (25.8) | 36 (27.9) | 0.16 |
4 | 39 (15.4) | 13 (10.5) | 26 (20.2) | 0.16 |
NYHA classification | ||||
I | 13 (5.1) | 5 (4.0) | 8 (6.2) | 0.71 |
II | 22 (8.7) | 11 (8.9) | 11 (8.5) | 0.71 |
III | 67 (26.4) | 30 (24.2) | 37 (28.5) | 0.71 |
IV | 152 (59.8) | 78 (62.9) | 74 (56.9) | 0.71 |
Congestive heart failure | 124 (48.8) | 51 (41.1) | 73 (56.2) | 0.017 |
Hypertension | 139 (54.7) | 71 (57.3) | 68 (52.3) | 0.43 |
Diet- or medically-treated hyperlipidemia | 146 (57.5) | 75 (60.5) | 71 (54.6) | 0.34 |
Previous stroke or transient ischemic heart attack | 33 (13.0) | 17 (13.7) | 16 (12.3) | 0.74 |
Normal sinus rhythm | 214 (84.3) | 108 (87.1) | 106 (81.5) | 0.22 |
Heart block / pacemaker | 8 (3.1) | 4 (3.2) | 4 (3.1) | 0.95 |
Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 32 (12.6) | 12 (9.7) | 20 (15.4) | 0.11 |
Left main artery stenosis | 48 (18.9) | 24 (19.4) | 24 (18.5) | 0.86 |
Respiratory risks | ||||
Severe COPD§ | 15 (5.9) | 7 (5.7) | 8 (6.3) | 0.85 |
Renal risks | ||||
Serum creatinine, mean (SD) μmol/L | 110.0 (73.6) | 109.9 (86.8) | 110.1 (58.5) | 0.98 |
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA = New York Heart Association; SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless otherwise indicated.
↵† Missing value: 1 patient without dysphagia.
↵‡ Missing value: 1 patient with dysphagia.
↵§ Missing value: 1 patient without dysphagia and 2 patients with dysphagia.