Outcome variables reported in the trials included in our review
| Trial; group | Time; mean (range) [SD] | No. conversions | No. perioperative complications | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of surgery, min | Total stay, d | |||
| Huang et al. (14) | ||||
| Needlescopic | 62.3 (25–125) | 2.4 (1–5) | 0 | 5 |
| Laparoscopic | 69.1 (15–235) | 2.8 (1–8) | 0 | 10 |
| Lau et al. (15) | ||||
| Needlescopic | 48.91 [19.16] | 3 (1–9) | 32 | 12 |
| Laparoscopic | 43.74 [20.71] | 3 (1–11) | 12 | 10 |
SD = standard deviation.