Timing of treatment initiation and medical treatment modality stratified by Biffl grade
| Timing and modality | Biffl grade; no. (%) of patients | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1–2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Timing of treatment initiation | |||
| Within 48 h of diagnosis | 64 (66) | 18 (69) | 46 (73) |
| Delayed (> 48 h) | |||
| With contraindications | 13 (13) | 6 (23) | 5 (8) |
| Without contraindications | 8 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) |
| Untreated | |||
| Owing to contraindications* | 5 (5) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Despite no contraindications | 2 (2) | 1 (4) | 1 (2) |
| Owing to death/palliative care | 5 (5) | 0 (0) | 9 (14) |
| Medical treatment modality/regimen | |||
| ASA | |||
| Low-dose (81 mg) | 74 (76) | 18 (69) | 40 (63) |
| Loading dose (325 mg), then low-dose | 1 (1) | 3 (12) | 4 (6) |
| Alternative dosage (e.g., 160 mg) | 2 (2) | 1 (4) | 1 (2) |
| Warfarin with heparin bridge | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Warfarin with heparin bridge + ASA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin (therapeutic) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Clopidogrel | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) |
| Clopidogrel + ASA | 4 (4) | 1 (4) | 3 (5) |
| Untreated | 12 (12) | 2 (8) | 10 (16) |
ASA = acetylsalicylic acid.
↵* Includes active hemorrhage requiring intervention or resuscitation, and high risk of bleeding into a critical site, including intracranial, intraspinal or retroperitoneal.