Table 2

Research productivity from 2013 to 2018 of 184 general surgeons in Canada, stratified by academic professorship status

Characteristic	All surgeons^* n = 184	Assistant professor n = 77	Associate professor n = 63	Professor n = 44	p value
Characteristic	All surgeons^* n = 184	Assistant professor n = 77	Associate professor n = 63	Professor n = 44	Assistant v. associate	Assistant v. professor	Associate v. professor
Years worked, mean	5.3	4.5	5.8	6.0
Years worked, median (IQR)	6.0 (6.0–6.0)	6.0 (3.0–6.0)	6.0 (6.0–6.0)	6.0 (6.0–6.0)
Total publications, median (IQR)	8.0 (2.0–22.8)	3.0 (1.0–8.5)	9.0 (4.0–24.0)	25.0 (8.3–52.8)	0.0002	< 0.0001	0.006
Publications per year, median (IQR)	1.5 (0.5–4.2)	0.7 (0.2–2.1)	2.0 (0.7–4.2)	4.2 (1.4–8.8)	0.005	< 0.0001	0.01
First-authorship publications, median (IQR)	0 (0–2.0)	0 (0–1.0)	0 (0–3.0)	1.0 (0–3.0)	0.2	0.03	1.0
Middle-authorship publications, median (IQR)	6.0 (1.0–16.0)	2.0 (0–5.0)	6.0 (2.0–14.0)	16.5 (6.3–38.0)	0.0006	< 0.0001	0.003
Last-authorship publications, median (IQR)	0 (0–5.0)	0 (0–1.0)	1.0 (0–5.0)	5.5 (2.0–13.8)	0.0004	< 0.0001	0.001
Authors per paper, median (IQR)	7.0 (5.0–8.0)	6.0 (4.0–7.8)	6.5 (5.0–8.5)	7.0 (6.0–8.8)	0.2	0.003	0.3
CiteScore, median (IQR)	4.3 (3.0–5.3)	3.7 (1.6–5.2)	4.5 (3.3–5.4)	4.7 (3.9–5.4)	0.03	0.0005	0.4
Total citations, median (IQR)	88.0 (13.5–355.8)	21.0 (3.0–73.0)	124.0 (35.0–337.0)	358.5 (129.8–1313.0)	0.0005	< 0.0001	0.002
Citations per publication, median (IQR)	7.0 (3.0–11.0)	4.5 (1.5–9.3)	7.5 (3.0–12.0)	8.5 (6.3–11.0)	0.06	0.0004	0.3
h-index, median (IQR)	5.0 (2.0–10.0)	2.0 (1.0–6.0)	5.0 (2.0–10.0)	9.0 (6.0–15.8)	0.01	< 0.0001	0.004
r-index, median (IQR)	4.8 (1.6–14.8)	2.4 (0.4–5.6)	6.8 (2.8–16.0)	13.8 (4.9–33.0)	0.0002	< 0.0001	0.008

h-index = Hirsch index, IQR = interquartile range, r-index = revised Hirsch index.
↵* Three surgeons excluded as they had no professorship status.