Table 3

Management

Variable	Cohort; no. (%) of patients			p value^*
Variable	Historical	Transitional	Implementation	p value^*
Planned management
Initial nonoperative	61 (94)	43 (77)	27 (87)	0.03
Initial operative	4 (6)	13 (23)	4 (13)
Nasogastric tube use	52 (80)	48 (86)	29 (94)	0.2
Received WSC	1 (2)	25 (45)	22 (71)	< 0.001
Operative approach^†
Open	3 (60)	3 (17)	4 (57)	0.001
Laparoscopic	2 (40)	15 (83)	3 (43)
Bowel resection	1 (2)	7 (12)	3 (10)	0.04
Failed nonoperative intent, required surgery	2 (3)	4 (7)	4 (13)	0.2

WSC = water-soluble contrast.
↵* Historical cohort versus transitional cohort versus implementation cohort; χ² test.
↵† Denominator is the number of patients in each cohort who proceeded to surgery (initially or after failed nonoperative trial).