Table 1

Observed changes in operating room performance after positive deviance sessions^*

Facet of performance	Mean		Variance		Pooled variance	Hypothesized mean difference	df	t stat	p (T ≤ t) 1-tail^†	t critical

	After	Before	After	Before 1-tail
Success rate, %	0.65	0.40	0.23	0.24	0.24	0	792	3.74	9.83	1.65

APT, min	36.51	39.33	129.08	414.74	394.54	0	792	−1.03	0.15	1.65

APT in room, min	12.42	16.28	100.29	56.92	59.99	0	792	−3.63	0.00	1.65

SPT, min	12.63	14.39	54.12	28.79	30.58	0	792	−2.32	0.01	1.65

Time per case, min	59.62	69.33	154.36	296.15	286.12	0	792	−4.17	1.67	1.65

SFT, min	5.15	5.48	5.58	16.30	15.54	0	792	−0.62	0.27	1.65

AFT, min	7.30	13.25	15.08	50.15	47.67	0	792	−6.27	2.99	1.65

Turnover, min	26.64	24.21	63.09	69.60	69.14	0	792	2.12	0.02	1.65

AFT = anesthesia finish time; APT = anesthesia preparation time; df = degrees of freedom; SFT = surgical finish time; SPT = surgical preparation time.
↵* Number of observations = 57 after, 737 before.
↵† Bolded numbers indicate significant values.