During a 10-year period, 237 patients (129 women, 108 men) with a diagnosis of neuropathic (Charcot) arthropathy of the foot and ankle were treated in a tertiary care university hospital medical center. During this period, 115 of the patients (48.5%) were treated nonoperatively as outpatients with local skin and nail care, accommodative shoe wear, and custom foot orthoses. A total of 120 (50.6%) underwent 143 operations. Surgery included 21 major limb amputations, 29 ankle fusions, 26 hindfoot fusions, 23 exostectomies, and 23 debridements for osteomyelitis. It is widely accepted that patients with diabetes are at risk for developing foot ulcers, which can lead to lower extremity amputation. Within the population of diabetic patients, it is widely accepted that patients with neuropathic (Charcot) arthropathy of the foot and ankle have one of the highest likelihoods of having to undergo lower extremity amputation. The current emphasis in care of the foot of a diabetic patient involves a multidisciplinary team approach combining patient education, skin and nail care, and accommodative shoe wear. As data from prophylactic programs become available, resource allocation and cost of care can be compared with this benchmark baseline. This benchmark analysis can be used by those who are responsible for allocating resources and projecting healthcare costs for this "high utilization"/high risk patient population.