Background: Blood transfusion has repeatedly been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF). Previously believed to represent a surrogate for shock, packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has recently been shown to result in neutrophil priming and pulmonary endothelial cell activation. We have previously observed that the generation of inflammatory mediators is related to the length of PRBC unit storage. The purpose of this study was to determine if age of transfused PRBC is a risk factor for the development of postinjury MOF.
Methods: Using our prospective database of trauma patients at risk for developing MOF, we identified patients who developed MOF (MOF+) and received 6 to 20 units of PRBCs in the first 12 hours following injury. A similar cohort of patients, matched for ISS and transfusion requirement, who did not develop MOF (MOF-) were also identified. The age of each unit of PRBC transfused in the first 6 hours was determined. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine if age of transfused blood is an independent risk factor.
Results: Sixty-three patients were identified, 23 of whom were MOF+. There was no difference in ISS and transfusion requirement between MOF+ and MOF- groups. MOF+ patients, however, were significantly older (46+/-4.7 years versus 33+/-2.3 years). Moreover, mean age of transfused blood was greater in the MOF+ patients (30.5+/-1.6 days versus 24+/-0.5 days). Similarly, the mean number of units older than 14 and 21 days old were greater in the MOF+ patients. Multivariate analysis identified mean age of blood, number of units older than 14 days, and number of units older than 21 days as independent risk factors for MOF.
Conclusion: The age of transfused PRBCs transfused in the first 6 hours is an independent risk factor for postinjury MOF. This suggests that current blood bank processing and storage technique should be reexamined. Moreover, fresh blood may be more appropriate for the initial resuscitation of trauma patients requiring transfusion.