Background: The decision to proceed to simple underwater seal drainage or apply active suction to the underwater seal after lung resection is mostly based on surgeon preference. The purpose of this study was to test whether routine application of active suction is necessary after lobectomy.
Patients and methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted in the Patras University Hospital. Ninety-one patients who underwent lobectomy or bilobectomy for lung cancer and met the eligibility criteria were enrolled. Group I included 47 patients and group II had 44 patients. The two groups were comparable. At the end of surgical procedure patients were randomly assigned to receive -15 to -20 cm H2O active suction applied to the underwater seal drainage (group I) or simple underwater seal drainage (group II). The primary end point was the time elapsed between placement and removal of drains.
Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of time elapsed between the removal of chest drains, mortality, morbidity, adequacy of drainage system, and postoperative hospital stay. Suction applied to the underwater seal to re-expand the lung succeeded in 3 of 10 cases of persistent pneumothorax in group II. Discontinuing suction in 7 patients with persistent air leak in group I resulted in leak resolution in 4 patients.
Conclusions: Routine application of active drain suction to the underwater seal is not necessary after lobectomy. However, it could be useful in persistent pneumothorax with sufficient air entry in the lung and clear airways. It is of no help in persistent air leaks when the lung is expanded.