Background: Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional
rickets and osteomalacia, which have a major impact on health, growth, and development …

The concept of the brain as a prediction machine has enjoyed a resurgence in the context of
the Bayesian brain and predictive coding approaches within cognitive science. To date, this …

The standard behavioral index for human consciousness is the ability to report events with
accuracy. While this method is routinely used for scientific and medical applications in humans…

Treatment of cells with agents that stimulate the release of arachldonic acid causes increased
serine phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA*). Here we …

Interoception refers to the sensing of internal bodily changes. Interoception interacts with
cognition and emotion, making measurement of individual differences in interoceptive ability …

Granger causality is a statistical notion of causal influence based on prediction via vector
autoregression. Developed originally in the field of econometrics, it has since found application …

We describe a theoretical model of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying conscious
presence and its disturbances. The model is based on interoceptive prediction error and is …

Nanotechnology increasingly plays a significant role in vaccine development. As vaccine
development orientates toward less immunogenic “minimalist” compositions, formulations that …

Movement is fundamental to human and animal life, emerging through interaction of complex
neural, muscular, and skeletal systems. Study of movement draws from and contributes to …

The resurgent science of consciousness has been accompanied by a recent emphasis on
the problem of measurement. Having dependable measures of consciousness is essential …