The large numbers of microorganisms that inhabit mammalian body surfaces have a highly
coevolved relationship with the immune system. Although many of these microbes carry out …

Humans harbour nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria that are essential for health. Millions of
years of co-evolution have moulded this human–microorganism interaction into a symbiotic …

Although we might shudder at the thought of billions of bacteria living in our lower intestine,
we are colonized by these passengers shortly after birth. However, the relationship is mostly …

Porphyrin‐C 60 dyads in which the two chromophores are linked by a bicyclic bridge have
been synthesized using the Diels‐Alder reaction. The porphyin singlet lifetimes of both the …

Both steady-state and time-resolved luminescence measurements at 1270 nm indicate that,
when illuminated, isolated reaction centres of Photosystem II can generate singlet oxygen, O …

The solvent dependence of the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission from
the S 2 (1 1 B u ) state of all-trans-β-carotene was investigated in a range of polar and …

Background Genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been shown
by epidemiological and linkage studies. Genetic linkage of IBD to chromosome 16 has been …

The enormous number of commensal bacteria in the lower intestine of vertebrates share
abundant molecular patterns used for innate immune recognition of pathogenic bacteria. We …

Photoinduced electron transfer in donor−bridge−acceptor systems with zinc porphyrin (or its
pyridine complex) as the donor and gold(III) porphyrin as the acceptor has been studied. …

Most mucosal surfaces of the mammalian body are colonized by microbial communities (“microbiota”).
A high density of commensal microbiota inhabits the intestine and shields from …