1.1 Background The use of copper in biological systems coincides with the advent of an oxygen
atmosphere about 1.7 billion years ago. The presence of O 2 both allowed the oxidation …

Methanotrophic bacteria oxidize methane to methanol in the first step of their metabolic pathway.
Two forms of methane monooxygenase (MMO) enzymes catalyze this reaction: soluble …

Methane monooxygenases (MMOs) are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of methane to
methanol in methanotrophic bacteria. As potential targets for new gas-to-liquid methane …

Cancer incidence and deaths in the United States were projected for the most common
cancer types for the years 2020 and 2030 based on changing demographics and the average …

Monocytes contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models 1 , 3 .
The chemoattractant proteins (chemokines), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) …

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the fusion protein Bcr-Abl, the
causal agent in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Here we report ten individuals who developed …

Ischaemia of the heart, brain and limbs is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Hypoxia stimulates the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other …

A major cause of cell death caused by genotoxic stress is thought to be due to the depletion
of NAD + from the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Here we show that NAD + levels in …

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are ubiquitous in marine and terrestrial environments and now
thought to be significant contributors to carbon and nitrogen cycling. The isolation of …

THE success of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy derives from its ability to crosslink DNA
and alter the structure. Most cisplatiná¤-DNA adducts are intrastrand d(GpG) and d(ApG) …