Societal events – such as natural disasters, political shifts, or economic downturns – are time-varying
and impact the learning potential of students in unique ways. These impacts are …

The sex-role mediation hypothesis suggests that a masculine self-concept promotes male-typed
cognition, including spatial skills. Support for the hypothesis is mixed, limited by small …

This chapter provides a developmental perspective to understanding neural and behavioral
sex differences, focusing on cognition. There are sex differences in many skills, with sizes …

Influential psychological theories hypothesize that people consume alcohol in response to
the experience of both negative and positive emotions. Despite two decades of daily diary …

Objective The mind and body function in tandem across days and development, and in
unique ways for individuals, but most work on the relation between personality and physical …

Cognition is often assumed to be stable, but compelling evidence shows that some skills (eg,
working memory) vary. There is limited investigation, however, of variation in gendered …

Gender is person-specific, and it influences and is influenced by a breadth of multidimensional
psychological factors, including cognition. Directionality is important for research on …

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most widely used contraception method, and there is
increasing interest in their effects on cognition, affect, and brain structure and function. Since …

Inhibitory control is a transdiagnostic risk factor for externalizing behaviors, particularly
during adolescence. Despite advances in understanding links between inhibitory control and …

Conversations about gender and spatial skills frequently dissolve into a hackneyed debate
over nature and nurture. This is particularly true for conversations concerning three-…