As post‐secondary education migrates online, developing and evaluating new avenues for
assessment in anatomy is paramount. Three‐dimensional (3D) visualization technology is …

An Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is an effective and robust, but
resource‐intensive, means of evaluating anatomical knowledge. Since most OSPEs employ short …

Objective Mechanism of injury is a largely understudied descriptor of acute traumatic spinal
cord injury (tSCI). This study sought to compare the impact of high-energy and low-energy …

Study Design. Retrospective cohort study of prospectively accrued data. Objective. To
evaluate a large, prospective, multicentre dataset of surgically-treated DCM cases on the …

METHODS: An ambispective cohort study was conducted using prospectively collected data
(between 2005 and 2018) from 11 specialized level 1 trauma centers across the United …

… An individual patient data meta- analysis of 1,031 cases Alex B. Bak, BHSc1, Mohammed
Ali Alvi, MD2, Ali Moghaddamjou, MD2, Paul Arnold, MD3, James Harrop, MD4, Michael …

Introduction Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been critical in evaluating the safety
and efficacy of functional neurosurgery interventions. Given this, we sought to systematically …

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have been used for decades as a means for improving the
quality of education for learners primarily by providing guidance to students based on a …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Controversy exists regarding the optimal approach to surgically
treat degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Moreover, patients with mild DCM may be …

… Author links open overlay panel Alex B. Bak BHSc 1 , Ali Moghaddamjou MD 2 , Mohammed
Ali Alvi MD 2 , Christopher Shaffrey MD 3 , Ahmad Nassr MD 4 , Paul Arnold MD 5 , …