Introduction Communication breakdown is a factor in the majority of all instances of medical
error. Despite the importance, a relative paucity of time is invested in communication skills in …

Background While an explosion in technological sophistication has revolutionised surgery
within the operating theatre, delivery of surgical ward-based care has seen little innovation. …

BACKGROUND Clinical equipoise exists regarding optimal sequencing in the definitive
management of choledocholithiasis. Our current study compares sequential biliary ductal …

Background Sarcopenia, myosteatosis and obesity in cancer may confer negative clinical
outcomes, but their prevalence and impact among patients with retroperitoneal and trunk soft …

Background Accrued comorbidities are perceived to increase operative risk. Surgeons may
offer operative treatments less often to their older patients with acute complicated calculous …

Background and aims Sarcopenia and obesity may be associated with negative outcomes in
many cancers, but their prevalence and impact in modern regimens for soft-tissue sarcoma (…

A 50-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of severe
epigastric pain, vomiting and fever. He had a background of alcohol excess and smoking. The …

A 73-year-old woman was referred to a tertiary centre with isolated splenic metastasis from
previous pT1aNo stage 1a lung adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent a right lower lobe …

Background Medical graduates are required to be competent in many domains of professional
practice when joining the health care workforce. Current undergraduate examination …

We thank the authors for their consideration of our paper 1 and note their comments with
respect to the included surgical procedures, the sociodemographic factors impacting risk of …