Desmoid tumor (DT; other synonymously used terms: Desmoid-type fibromatosis, aggressive
fibromatosis) is a rare and locally aggressive monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferation …

Abnormal vertebral segmentation (AVS) in man is a relatively common congenital
malformation but cannot be subjected to the scientific analysis that is applied in animal models. …

A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to care is essential for optimum management of
the primary manifestations and secondary complications of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (…

The liver and spleen are major biological barriers to translating nanomedicines because
they sequester the majority of administered nanomaterials and prevent delivery to diseased …

Macrophages are activated in inflammation and during early phases of repair processes.
Interestingly, they are also present in bone during development, but their function during this …

After cutaneous injury, a variety of cell types are activated to reconstitute the epithelial and
dermal components of the skin. β‐Catenin plays disparate roles in keratinocytes and …

A significant challenge to delivering therapeutic doses of nanoparticles to targeted disease
sites is the fact that most nanoparticles become trapped in the liver. Liver-resident …

Following a skin injury, the damaged tissue is repaired through the coordinated biological
actions that constitute the cutaneous healing response. In mammals, repaired skin is not …

Background Delayed fracture healing causes substantial disability and usually requires
additional surgical treatments. Pharmacologic management to improve fracture repair would …

Despite significant interest in developing quantum dots (QDs) for biomedical applications,
many researchers are convinced that QDs will never be used for treating patients because of …