The cancer stem cell (CSC) or cancer-initiating cancer (C-IC) model has garnered considerable
attention over the past several years since Dick and colleagues published a seminal …

Biofuels have had bad press in recent years. There are primarily two distinct issues. The
biofuel crops with the best yields (such as sugarcane or oil palm) grow in tropical countries …

It has long been appreciated that significant functional and morphologic heterogeneity can
exist within the individual cells that comprise a tumor. Increasing evidence indicates that …

Colon cancer is one of the best-understood neoplasms from a genetic perspective 1 , 2 , 3 ,
yet it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related death, indicating that some …

Intratumoral heterogeneity arises through the evolution of genetically diverse subclones
during tumor progression. However, it remains unknown whether cells within single genetic …

Tumor recurrence following treatment remains a major clinical challenge. Evidence from
xenograft models and human trials indicates selective enrichment of cancer-initiating cells (CICs…

Cancer cells enter a reversible drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state to evade death from
chemotherapy and targeted agents. It is increasingly appreciated that DTPs are important drivers …

Cancer therapies that target epigenetic repressors can mediate their effects by activating
retroelements within the human genome. Retroelement transcripts can form double-stranded …

The antiestrogen drug tamoxifen inhibits rat brain protein kinase C in vitro, whether the
enzyme is activated by Ca 2+ and phospholipid (50% inhibitory dose, 100 µm), 12-O-…

The gut microbiota alters energy homeostasis. In parallel, metformin regulates upper small
intestinal sodium glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1), but whether changes of the microbiota or …